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Low rate of interchromosomal rearrangements during old radiation of gekkotan lizards (Squamata: Gekkota)

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Abstract

Gekkotan lizards are a highly specious (∼1600 described species) clade of squamate lizards with nearly cosmopolitan distribution in warmer areas. The clade is primarily nocturnal and forms an ecologically dominant part of the world nocturnal herpetofauna. However, molecular cytogenetic methods to study the evolution of karyotypes have not been widely applied in geckos. Our aim here was to uncover the extent of chromosomal rearrangements across the whole group Gekkota and to search for putative synapomorphies supporting the newly proposed phylogenetic relationships within this clade. We applied cross-species chromosome painting with the recently derived whole-chromosomal probes from the gekkonid species Gekko japonicus to members of the major gekkotan lineages. We included members of the families Diplodactylidae, Carphodactylidae, Pygopodidae, Eublepharidae, Phyllodactylidae and Gekkonidae. Our study demonstrates relatively high chromosome conservatism across the ancient group of gekkotan lizards. We documented that many changes in chromosomal shape across geckos can be attributed to intrachromosomal rearrangements. The documented rearrangements are not totally in agreement with the recently newly erected family Phyllodactylidae. The results also pointed to homoplasy, particularly in the reuse of chromosome breakpoints, in the evolution of gecko karyotypes.

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Abbreviations

GJA:

Gekko japonicus

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

qPCR:

Quantitative polymerase chain reaction

DOP-PCR:

Degenerate oligonucleotide primed PCR

FISH:

Fluorescence in situ hybridization

dUTP:

Deoxy-uridine-5′-triphosphate

SSC:

Saline sodium citrate

DAPI:

4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their gratitude to P. Ráb for the ongoing support, to J. Červenka for animal care and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. The project was supported by Czech Science Foundation (project no. 506/10/0718).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, Praha 2, Czech Republic

    Martina Johnson Pokorná & Lukáš Kratochvíl

  2. Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rumburská 89, Liběchov, Czech Republic

    Martina Johnson Pokorná

  3. Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090

    Vladimir A. Trifonov

  4. Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090

    Vladimir A. Trifonov

  5. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge Resource Centre for Comparative Genomics, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK

    Willem Rens & Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith

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  1. Martina Johnson Pokorná
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  2. Vladimir A. Trifonov
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  3. Willem Rens
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  4. Malcolm A. Ferguson-Smith
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  5. Lukáš Kratochvíl
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Correspondence to Lukáš Kratochvíl.

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Pokorná, M.J., Trifonov, V.A., Rens, W. et al. Low rate of interchromosomal rearrangements during old radiation of gekkotan lizards (Squamata: Gekkota). Chromosome Res 23, 299–309 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-015-9468-6

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