Abstract
Cohesin is a DNA-binding protein complex that is essential for sister chromatid cohesion and facilitates the repair of damaged DNA. In addition, cohesin has important roles in regulating gene expression, but the molecular mechanisms of this function are poorly understood. Recent experiments have revealed that cohesin binds to the same sites in mammalian genomes as the zinc finger transcription factor CTCF. At a few loci CTCF has been shown to function as an enhancer-blocking transcriptional insulator, and recent observations indicate that this function depends on cohesin. Here we review what is known about the roles of cohesin and CTCF in regulating gene expression in mammalian cells, and we discuss how cohesin might mediate the insulator function of CTCF.
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Abbreviations
- ATP:
-
adenosin-5′-triphosphate
- CdLS:
-
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
- ChIP:
-
chromatin immunoprecipitation
- cHS4:
-
5′HS4 chicken β-globin insulator
- CTCF:
-
zinc finger transcription factor
- EcR-B1:
-
ecdysone receptor B1
- ICR:
-
imprinting control region, also called differentially methylated region or domain (DMR/DMD)
- KSHV:
-
Karposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus
- LCR:
-
locus control region
- ncRNA:
-
non-coding RNA
- PEV:
-
position-effect-variegation
- qPCR:
-
quantitative polymerase chain reaction
- RBS/SC:
-
Roberts/SC Phocomelia Syndrome
- RNAi:
-
RNA interference
- TEV:
-
tobacco etch virus protease
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Wendt, K.S., Peters, JM. How cohesin and CTCF cooperate in regulating gene expression. Chromosome Res 17, 201–214 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-008-9017-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10577-008-9017-7