Abstract
Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a severe complication arising from a traumatic brain injury caused by various violent actions on the brain. The underlying mechanisms for the pathogenesis of PTE are complex and have not been fully defined. Approximately, one-third of patients with PTE are resistant to antiepileptic therapy. Recent research evidence has shown that neuroinflammation is critical in the development of PTE. This article reviews the immune-inflammatory mechanisms regarding microglial activation, astrocyte proliferation, inflammatory signaling pathways, chronic neuroinflammation, and intestinal flora. These mechanisms offer novel insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of PTE and have groundbreaking implications in the prevention and treatment of PTE.
Graphical Abstract
Immunoinflammatory cross-talk between glial cells and gut microbiota in posttraumatic epilepsy. This graphical abstract depicts the roles of microglia and astrocytes in posttraumatic epilepsy, highlighting the influence of the gut microbiota on their function. TBI traumatic brain injury, AQP4 aquaporin-4, Kir4.1 inward rectifying K channels
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This work was supported by the Gansu Provincial Key Talents Program in 2023, A Study on the Sleep Structure in Refractory Epilepsy Treated with the Addition of AMPA Receptor Antagonists (grant number 2022SHFZ0014), Science and Technology Program (Key Research and Development Program) of Gansu Province (Grant Number 21YF1FA171), Cuiying Scientific and Technological Innovation Program of Lanzhou University Second Hospital (Grant Number CY2019-MS13), Lanzhou Science and Technology Program (Grant Number 2018-1-111), and 2017 Cuiying Graduate Research Mentorship Cultivation Program of Lanzhou University Second Hospital (Grant Number 201701).
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Dang, Y., Wang, T. Research Progress on the Immune-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Posttraumatic Epilepsy. Cell Mol Neurobiol 43, 4059–4069 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-023-01429-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-023-01429-2