Abstract
Fiber agglomeration and poor interfacial combination with the matrix restrict the performance of composites. Herein, soybean meal-based adhesives were fabricated via the addition of dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) obtained from waste paper dissolved in an alkali–urea system and oxidized with sodium periodate. Due to the dissolution by the alkali–urea system, DAC dispersed well in the solution and did not aggregate in the adhesive matrix. Because of the oxidation treatment, DAC was crosslinked with the adhesive matrix via a Schiff base reaction. Meanwhile, hydrogen bonds were formed at the interface between the DAC and the adhesive matrix. Plywood with the SM/DAC/PTGE adhesive reached its highest wet bonding strength of 1.27 MPa (4 wt% DAC addition), a 95% increase compared to that with the unmodified SM/PTGE adhesive. Fine DAC-to-SM interfacial bonding and a dense crosslinking network were constructed in the SM/DAC/PTGE adhesive systems. The cycle of reuse for the alkali–urea system in the experiments demonstrated that the preparation method of the cellulose solution was scalable and sustainable.
Graphic abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- SM:
-
Soybean meal
- PF:
-
Pulp fiber, which was obtained by treated waste paper
- OP:
-
The PF was not dissolved by the alkali–urea system but was oxidized directly
- PC:
-
The PF was dissolved in the alkali–urea system and further separated
- DAC:
-
The PC was oxidized to obtain dialdehyde cellulose
- PTGE:
-
A petrochemical-independent crosslinking agent: 1,2,3-propanetriol-diglycidyl-ether
References
Bandara N, Wu J (2017) Chemically modified canola protein–nanomaterial hybrid adhesive shows improved adhesion and water resistance. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 6:1152–1161
Budtova T, Navard P (2016) Cellulose in NaOH-water based solvents: a review. Cellulose 23:5–55
Chang Z, Pang H, Huang A, Li J, Zhang S (2019) Reinforcement of bonding strength and water resistance of soybean meal-based adhesive via construction of an interactive network from biomass residues. Polymers 11:967
Chen N, Lin Q, Rao J, Zeng Q (2013) Water resistances and bonding strengths of soy-based adhesives containing different carbohydrates. Ind Crops Prod 50:44–49
Chen K, Zhang S, Li A, Tang X, Li L, Guo L (2018) Bioinspired interfacial chelating-like reinforcement strategy toward mechanically enhanced lamellar materials. ACS Nano 12:4269–4279
Chen Y, Lu K, Song Y, Han J, Yue Y, Biswas SK, Wu Q, Xiao H (2019) A skin-inspired stretchable, self-healing and electro-conductive hydrogel with a synergistic triple network for wearable strain sensors applied in human-motion detection. Nanomaterials 9:1737
De Hoe GX, Zumstein MT, Tiegs BJ, Brutman JP, McNeill K, Sander M, Coates GW, Hillmyer MA (2018) Sustainable polyester elastomers from lactones: synthesis, properties, and enzymatic hydrolyzability. J Am Chem Soc 140:963–973
Ding Q, Xu X, Yue Y, Mei C, Huang C, Jiang S, Wu Q, Han J (2018) Nanocellulose-mediated electroconductive self-healing hydrogels with high strength, plasticity, viscoelasticity, stretchability, and biocompatibility toward multifunctional applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10:27987–28002
Drechsler U, Radosta S, Vorwerg W (2000) Characterization of cellulose in solvent mixtures with N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide by static light scattering. Macromol Chem Phys 201:2023–2030
Fan B, Zhang L, Gao Z, Zhang Y, Shi J, Li J (2016) Formulation of a novel soybean protein-based wood adhesive with desired water resistance and technological applicability. J Appl Polym Sci 133:43586
Gao R, Xiao S, Gan W, Liu Q, Amer H, Rosenau T, Li J, Lu Y (2018) Mussel adhesive-inspired design of superhydrophobic nanofibrillated cellulose aerogels for oil/water separation. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 6:9047–9055
Ghahri S, Pizzi A (2017) Improving soy-based adhesives for wood particleboard by tannins addition. Wood Sci Technol 52:261–279
Gonzalez A, Alvarez Igarzabal CI (2015) Nanocrystal-reinforced soy protein films and their application as active packaging. Food Hydrocoll 43:777–784
Han J, Lu K, Yue Y, Mei C, Huang C, Wu Q, Xu X (2019a) Nanocellulose-templated assembly of polyaniline in natural rubber-based hybrid elastomers toward flexible electronic conductors. Ind Crops Prod 128:94–107
Han J, Wang H, Yue Y, Mei C, Chen J, Huang C, Wu Q, Xu X (2019b) A self-healable and highly flexible supercapacitor integrated by dynamically cross-linked electro-conductive hydrogels based on nanocellulose-templated carbon nanotubes embedded in a viscoelastic polymer network. Carbon 149:1–18
Han J, Wang S, Zhu S, Huang C, Yue Y, Mei C, Xu X, Xia C (2019c) Electrospun core–shell nanofibrous membranes with nanocellulose-stabilized carbon nanotubes for use as high-performance flexible supercapacitor electrodes with enhanced water resistance, thermal stability and mechanical toughness. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11:44624–44635
He Z (2017) Bio-based wood adhesives: preparation, characterization, and testing. CRC Press, Boca Raton, p 356
He Z, Chapital DC (2015) Preparation and testing of plant seed meal-based wood adhesives. J Vis Exp 97:52557
He Z, Chiozza F (2017) Adhesive strength of pilot-scale-produced water-washed cottonseed meal in comparison with a synthetic glue for non-structural interior application. J Mater Sci Res 6:20–26
He Z, Chapital DC, Cheng HN, Dowd MK (2014) Comparison of adhesive properties of water- and phosphate buffer-washed cottonseed meals with cottonseed protein isolate on maple and poplar veneers. Int J Adhes Adhes 50:102–106
He Z, Chapital DC, Cheng HN (2016) Effects of pH and storage time on the adhesive and rheological properties of cottonseed meal-based products. J Appl Polym Sci 133:43637
Huang X, Wang A, Xu X, Liu H, Shang S (2016) Enhancement of hydrophobic properties of cellulose fibers via grafting with polymeric epoxidized soybean oil. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 5:1619–1627
Kang H, Song X, Wang Z, Zhang W, Zhang S, Li J (2016) High-performance and fully renewable soy protein isolate-based film from microcrystalline cellulose via bio-inspired poly (dopamine) surface modification. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:4354–4360
Kang H, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhao S, Zhang S, Li J (2019) Development of mainly plant protein-derived plywood bioadhesives via soy protein isolate fiber self-reinforced soybean meal composites. Ind Crops Prod 133:10–17
Kumar R, Choudhary V, Mishra S, Varma IK (2004) Enzymatically-modified soy protein part 2: adhesion behaviour. J Adhes Sci Technol 18:261–273
Kumar R, Wang L, Zhang L (2008) Structure and mechanical properties of soy protein materials plasticized by thiodiglycol. J Appl Polym Sci 111:970–977
Li K, Helm RF, Eriksson KL (1998) Mechanistic studies of the oxidation of a non-phenolic lignin model compound by the laccase/1-hydroxybenzotriazole redox system. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 27:239–243
Li RJ, Gutierrez J, Chung Y-L, Frank CW, Billington SL, Sattely ES (2018) A lignin-epoxy resin derived from biomass as an alternative to formaldehyde-based wood adhesives. Green Chem 20:1459–1466
Li J, Pradyawong S, He Z, Sun XS, Wang D, Cheng H, Zhong J (2019) Assessment and application of phosphorus/calcium-cottonseed protein adhesive for plywood production. J Clean Prod 229:454–462
Liu W, Drzal LT, Mohanty AK, Misra M (2007) Influence of processing methods and fiber length on physical properties of kenaf fiber reinforced soy based biocomposites. Compos B Eng 38:352–359
Liu D, Chen H, Chang PR, Wu Q, Li K, Guan L (2010) Biomimetic soy protein nanocomposites with calcium carbonate crystalline arrays for use as wood adhesive. Bioresour Technol 101:6235–6241
Liu P, Mai C, Zhang K (2017) Formation of uniform multi-stimuli-responsive and multiblock hydrogels from dialdehyde cellulose. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 5:5313–5319
Liu X, Wang K, Gu W, Li F, Li J, Zhang S (2018) Reinforcement of interfacial and bonding strength of soybean meal-based adhesive via kenaf fiber-CaCO3 anchored N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide. Compos B Eng 155:204–211
Qin X, Lu A, Cai J, Zhang L (2013) Stability of inclusion complex formed by cellulose in NaOH/urea aqueous solution at low temperature. Carbohydr Polym 92:1315–1320
Schmidt G, Hamaker BR, Wilker JJ (2018) High strength adhesives from catechol cross-linking of zein protein and plant phenolics. Adv Sustain Syst 2:1700159
Sun X, Bian K (1999) Shear strength and water resistance of modified soy protein adhesives. J Am Oil Chem Soc 76:977–980
Takaragi A, Minoda M, Miyamoto T, Liu H, Zhang L (1999) Reaction characteristics of cellulose in the LiCl/1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone solvent system. Cellulose 6:93–102
Vaisanen T, Batello P, Lappalainen R, Tomppo L (2018) Modification of hemp fibers (Cannabis Sativa L.) for composite applications. Ind Crops Prod 111:422–429
Vaskelis A, Norkus E, Jaciauskiene J (2002) Kinetics of electroless copper deposition using cobalt (II)-ethylenediamine complex compounds as reducing agents. J Appl Electrochem 32:297–303
Wang Z, Zhao S, Song R, Zhang W, Zhang S, Li J (2017) The synergy between natural polyphenol-inspired catechol moieties and plant protein-derived bio-adhesive enhances the wet bonding strength. Sci Rep 7:9664
Wang Z, Kang H, Zhao S, Zhang W, Zhang S, Li J (2018) Polyphenol-induced cellulose nanofibrils anchored graphene oxide as nanohybrids for strong yet tough soy protein nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 180:354–364
Wang Z, Zhao S, Kang H, Zhang W, Li J, Zhang S, Huang A (2019a) Reduction of energy consumption of green plywood production by implementing high-efficiency thermal conductive bio-adhesive: assessment from pilot-scaled application. J Clean Prod 210:1366–1375
Wang Z, Zhao S, Pang H, Zhang W, Zhang S, Li J (2019b) Developing eco-friendly high-strength soy adhesives with improved ductility through multiphase core-shell hyperbranched polysiloxane. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 7:7784–7794
Wu Y, Xia C, Cai L, Garcia AC, Shi SQ (2018) Development of natural fiber-reinforced composite with comparable mechanical properties and reduced energy consumption and environmental impacts for replacing automotive glass-fiber sheet molding compound. J Clean Prod 184:92–100
Xia C, Zhang S, Shi SQ, Cai L, Huang J (2016) Property enhancement of kenaf fiber reinforced composites by in situ aluminum hydroxide impregnation. Ind Crops Prod 79:131–136
Yu Y, Wang Q, Yuan J, Fan X, Wang P, Cui L (2016) Hydrophobic modification of cotton fabric with octadecylamine via laccase/TEMPO mediated grafting. Carbohydr Polym 137:549–555
Zhang Y, Luo R, Zhang J, Xiang Q (2011) The reinforcing mechanism of carbon fiber in composite adhesive for bonding carbon/carbon composites. J Mater Process Technol 211:167–173
Zhao S, Wang Z, Kang H, Li J, Zhang S, Han C, Huang A (2018) Fully bio-based soybean adhesive in situ cross-linked by interactive network skeleton from plant oil-anchored fiber. Ind Crops Prod 122:366–374
Zhao S, Wang Z, Li Z, Li L, Li J, Zhang S (2019) Core-shell nanohybrid elastomer based on co-deposition strategy to improve performance of soy protein adhesive. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 11:32414–32422
Acknowledgments
This work was financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2016ZCQ01).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chang, Z., Mo, L., Huang, A. et al. Preparation of water-resistant soybean meal-based adhesives with waste paper cellulose via NaOH/urea pretreatment and oxidation. Cellulose 27, 4455–4470 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03076-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03076-y