Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic paper with improved physical strength by a novel layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolytes and lignosulfonates-amine

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Cellulose Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Interest in superhydrophobic paper is growing, and efforts have been made to prepare superhydrophobic paper with an improved physical strength property. This study reported a facile method for fabricating a superhydrophobic paper with enhanced physical strength through layer-by-layer self-assembly of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and lignosulfonates-amine (LSA) on cellulose fiber surfaces, followed by a heat treatment at 160 °C for 30 min. The formation of PAH/LSA multilayers on cellulose fiber surfaces was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), zeta potential measurement and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The XPS results showed that the contents of the two characteristic elements (i.e., Cl and S) increased with increasing bilayer numbers. The zeta potential of modified fibers was regularly inversed after each layer deposition. The AFM phase image revealed that the surface root-mean-square roughness of modified cellulose increased along with the increasing bilayer number. Moreover, the wetting properties and physical strength of handsheets prepared from modified cellulose fibers with and without heat treatment were tested, respectively. The result showed that the water contact angle was higher when LSA was in the outermost layer than when PAH was in the outermost layer, and the heat treatment improved the hydrophobicity for all the handsheets. The non-heat-treated handsheet prepared from (PAH/LSA)5 multilayer-modified fibers gave a water contact angle of 120.3º, and then after heat treatment, the contact angle reached up to 151.7º, indicating that high temperature treatment induced the most hydrophobic long chain groups in LSA macromolecules orientated to the multilayer-air interface. The tensile strength properties of both non-heat-treated and heat-treated handsheets made from PAH/LSA-modified fibers were significantly enhanced. When a (PAH/LSA)5 multilayer was deposited on the cellulose fiber surface, the tensile strength increased by 33.9 % for non-heat-treated handsheets and by 57.8 % for heat-treated handsheets compared to that of handsheets made from original fibers, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Scheme 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agarwal M, Xiang Q, Shim BS et al (2009) Conductive paper from lignocelluloses wood microfibers coated with a nanocomposite of carbon nanotubes and conductive polymers. Nanotechnology 20:215602–215610

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balu B, Breedveld V, Hess DW (2008) Fabrication of “roll-off” and “sticky” superhydrophobic cellulose surfaces via plasma processing. Langmuir 24(9):4785–4790

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costa SM, Mazzola PG, Silva JCAR et al (2013) Use of sugar cane straw as a source of cellulose for textile fiber production. Ind Crops Prod 42:189–194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crick CR, Bear JC, Kafizas A et al (2012) Superhydrophobic photocatalytic surfaces through direct incorporation of titania nanoparticles into a polymer matrix by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition. Adv Mater 24(26):3505–3508

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Decher G (1997) Fuzzy nanoassembilies: toward layered polymeric multicomposites. Science 277:1232–1237

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Decher G, Hong JD (1991) Buildup of ultrathin multilayer films by a self-assembly process. 1. Consecutive adsorption of anionic and cationic bipolar amphiphiles on charged surface. Makromol Chem Macromol Symp 46:321–327

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dong AX, Fan XR, Wang Q et al (2015) Hydrophobic surface functionalization of lignocellulosic jute fabrics by enzymatic grafting of octadecylamine. Int J Biol Macromol 79:353–362

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feng L, Song YL, Zhai J et al (2003) Creation of a superhydrophobic surface from an amphiphilic polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed 115(7):824–826

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu JH, Ji J, Yuan WY et al (2005) Construction of atni-adhesive and antibacterial multilayer films via layer-by-layer assembly of heparin and chitosan. Biomaterials 26(33):6684–6692

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gao ZX, Zhai XL, Liu F et al (2015) Fabrication of TiO2/EP super-hydrophobic thin film on filter paper surface. Carbohydr Polym 128:24–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Ubasart J, Esteban A, Vila C et al (2011) Enzymatic treatments of pulp using laccase and hydrophobic compounds. Bioresour Technol 102(3):2799–2803

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Ubasart J, Colom JF, Carlos V et al (2012) A new procedure for the hydrophobization of cellulose fibre using laccase and a hydrophobic phenolic compound. Bioresour Technol 112:341–344

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gimåker M, Wågberg L (2009) Adsorption of polyallylamine to lignocellulosic fibres: effect of adsorption conditions on localisation of adsorbed polyelectrolyte and mechanical properties of resulting paper sheets. Cellulose 16(1):87–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafsson E, Larsson PA, Wågberg L (2012) Treatment of cellulose fibres with polyelectrolytes and wax colloids to create tailored highly hydrophobic fibrous networks. Colloids Surf A 414:415–421

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang LH, Chen KF, Lin CX et al (2011) Fabrication and characterization of superhydrophobic high opacity paper with titanium dioxide nanoparticles. J Mater Sci 46(8):2600–2605

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hubbe MA (2014) Puzzling aspects of the hydrophobic sizing of paper and its inter-fiber bonding ability. BioResources 9(4):5782–5783

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan A, Huq T, Khan RA et al (2014) Nanocellulose-based composites and bioactive agents for food packaging. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 54(2):163–174

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Köklükaya O, Carosio F, Grunlan JC et al (2015) Flame-retardant paper from wood fibers functionalized via layer-by-layer assembly. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7(42):23750–23759

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li ZX, Xing YJ, Dai JJ (2008) Superhydrophobic surfaces prepared from water glass and non-fluorinated alkylsilane on cotton substrates. Appl Surf Sci 254(7):2131–2135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Fu SY, Peng LC et al (2012) Surface modification of cellulose fibers with layer-by-layer self-assembly of lignosulfonate and polyelectrolyte: effects on fibers wetting properties and paper strength. Cellulose 19(2):533–546

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu H, Fu SY, Li H et al (2009) Layer-by-layer assembly of lignosulfonates for hydrophilic surface modification. Ind Crops Prod 30(2):287–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu ZH, Eadula S, Zheng ZG et al (2007) Layer-by-layer nanoparticle coatings on lignocelluloses wood microfibers. Colloids Surf A 292(1):56–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marais A, Wågberg L (2012) The use of polymeric amines to enhance the mechanical properties of lignocellulosic fibrous networks. Cellulose 19(4):1437–1447

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marais A, Utsel S, Gustafsson E et al (2014) Towards a super-strainable paper using the Layer-by-Layer technique. Carbohydr Polym 100:218–224

  • Maximova N, Österberg M, Koljonen K et al (2001) Lignin adsorption on cellulose fibre surfaces: effect onsurface chemistry, surface morphology and paper strength. Cellulose 8:113–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mourad AL, Silva HLG, Nogueira JCB (2012) Carton for beverage-Adecade of process efficiency improvements enhancing its environmental profile. Int J Life Cycle Assess 17(2):176–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ogihara H, Xie J, Okagaki J et al (2012) Simple method for preparing superhydrophobic paper: spray-deposited hydrophobic silica nanoparticle coatings exhibit high water-repellency and transparency. Langmuir 28(10):4605–4608

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pan CY, Shen L, Shang SM et al (2012) Preparation of superhydrophobic and UV blocking cotton fabric via sol–gel method and self-assembly. Appl Surf Sci 259:110–117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramamoorthy SK, Skrifvars M, Persson A (2015) A review of natural fibers used in biocomposites: plant, animal and regenerated cellulose fibers. Polym Rev 55(1):107–162

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rathi MS, Biermann CJ (2000) Application of polyallylamine as a dry strength agent for paper. Tappi J 83(12):62

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roy D, Semsarilar M, Guthrie JT et al (2009) Cellulose modification by polymer grafting: a review. Chem Soc Rev 38(7):2046–2064

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Songok J, Tuominen M, Teisala H et al (2014) Paper-based microfluidics: fabrication technique and dynamics of capillary-driven surface flow. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6(22):20060–20066

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sousa MP, Mano JF (2013) Superhydrophobic paper in the development of disposable labware and lab-on-paper devices. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5(9):3731–3737

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun B, Hou QX, Liu ZH et al (2014) Stability and efficiency improvement of ASA in internal sizing of cellulosic paper by using cationically modified cellulose nanocrystals. Cellulose 21(4):2879–2887

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tian LM, Morrissey JJ, Kattumenu R et al (2012) Bioplasmonic paper as a platform for detection of kidney cancer biomarkers. Anal Chem 84(22):9928–9934

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang YG, Wang X, Heim LO et al (2015) Superhydrophobic surfaces from surface-hydrophobized cellulose fibers with stearoyl groups. Cellulose 22(1):289–299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Werner O, Quan C, Turner C et al (2010) Properties of superhydrophobic paper treated with rapid expansion of supercritical CO2 containing a crystallizing wax. Cellulose 17(1):187–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu TF, Farnood R (2014) Cellulose fibre networks reinforced with carboxymethyl cellulose/chitosan complex layer-by-layer. Carbohydr Polym 114:500–505

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu TF, Farnood R (2015) A preparation method of cellulose fiber networks reinforced by glutaraldehyde-treated chitosan. Cellulose 22(3):1955–1961

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xing Q, Eadula SR, Lvov YM (2007) Cellulose fiber-enzyme composites fabricated through layer-by-layer nanoassembly. Biomacromolecules 8(6):1987–1991

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang H, Deng YL (2008) Preparation and physical properties of superhydrophobic papers. J Colloid Interface Sci 325(2):588–593

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yue XP, Chen FG, Zhou XS (2011) Improved interfacial bonding of PVC/wood-flour composites by lignin amine modification. BioResources 6(2):2022–2034

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhai L, Cebeci FC, Cohen RE et al (2004) Stable superhydrophobic coating from polyelectrolyte multilayers. Nano Lett 4(7):1349–1353

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Shi F, Yu X et al (2004) Polyelectrolyte multiayer as matrix for electrochemical deposition of gold clusters: toward super-hydrophobic surface. J Am Chem Soc 126:3064–3065

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang M, Wang SL, Wang CY et al (2012) A facile method to fabricate superhydrophobic cotton fabrics. Appl Surf Sci 261:561–566

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang LB, Wu JB, Hedhili MN et al (2015) Injet printing for direct micropatterning of a superhydrophobic surface: toward biomimetic fog harvesting surfaces. J Mater Chem A 3:2844–2852

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao Y, Xu ZG, Wang XG et al (2013) Superhydrophobic and UV-blocking cotton fabrics prepared by layer-by-layer assembly of organic UV absorber intercalated layered double hydroxides. Appl Surf Sci 286:364–370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 20150028), the Applied Basic Research Program of Yunnan Province (no. 2014FD008), the Talent Training Program of Yunnan Province (no. KKSY201305002) and State Key Laboratory Open Foundation of Pulp and Paper Engineering of China (no. 201323).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China

    Lincai Peng

  2. Research Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650600, China

    Yahong Meng & Hui Li

  3. State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Hui Li

Authors
  1. Lincai Peng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yahong Meng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hui Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hui Li.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Peng, L., Meng, Y. & Li, H. Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic paper with improved physical strength by a novel layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolytes and lignosulfonates-amine. Cellulose 23, 2073–2085 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-0910-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-0910-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation