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Intact human amniotic membrane differentiated towards the chondrogenic lineage

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Abstract

Human amniotic membrane (hAM) represents a tissue that is well established as biomaterial in the clinics with potential for new applications in regenerative medicine. For tissue engineering (TE) strategies, cells are usually combined with inductive factors and a carrier substrate. We have previously recognized that hAM represents a natural, preformed sheet including highly potent stem cells. In the present approach for cartilage regeneration we have induced chondrogenesis in hAM in vitro. For this, hAM biopsies were cultured for up to 56 days under chondrogenic conditions. The induced hAM was characterized for remaining viability, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation using histochemical analysis, and a quantitative assay. Collagen I, II and X was immunohistochemically determined and cartilage-specific mRNA expression of (sex determining region Y-) box 9, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), aggrecan (AGC1), versican (CSPG2), COL1A1, COL9A2, melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA), and cartilage-linking protein 1 (CRTL1) analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Human AM was successfully induced to accumulate GAG, as demonstrated by Alcianblue staining and a significant (p < 0.001) increase of GAG/viability under chondrogenic conditions peaking in a 29.9 ± 0.9-fold induction on day 56. Further, upon chondrogenic induction collagen II positive areas were identified within histological sections and cartilage-specific markers including COMP, AGC1, CSPG2, COL1A1, COL9A2, MIA, and CRTL1 were found upregulated at mRNA level. This is the first study, demonstrating that upon in vitro induction viable human amnion expresses cartilage-specific markers and accumulates GAGs within the biomatrix. This is a promising first step towards a potential use of living hAM for cartilage TE.

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Acknowledgments

This work has been supported by the European scientific grant NovusSanguis of the Fondation Jerôme LeJeune and the FIT-IT 2011 grant (NanoDetect) of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). We thank Florian Hildner for technical assistance and input during manuscript preparation.

Disclosure

We would like to disclose that the co-authors Johann Eibl and Heinz Redl own the patent rights for “Process for differentiating stem cells of the amniotic membrane”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200, Vienna, Austria

    Andrea Lindenmair, Sylvia Nürnberger, Guido Stadler, Alexandra Meinl, Heinz Redl & Susanne Wolbank

  2. Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Krankenhausstraße 7, 4017, Linz, Austria

    Andrea Lindenmair, Christa Hackl, Christian Gabriel & Simone Hennerbichler

  3. Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria

    Andrea Lindenmair, Sylvia Nürnberger, Guido Stadler, Alexandra Meinl, Christa Hackl, Christian Gabriel, Simone Hennerbichler, Heinz Redl & Susanne Wolbank

  4. Department of Traumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Sylvia Nürnberger

  5. Bernhard Gottlieb University School of Dentistry, Sensengasse 2a, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Sylvia Nürnberger & Alexandra Meinl

  6. Bio-Products and Bio-Engineering AG, Schottenring 10, 1010, Vienna, Austria

    Johann Eibl

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  1. Andrea Lindenmair
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  2. Sylvia Nürnberger
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  7. Christian Gabriel
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  9. Heinz Redl
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Correspondence to Sylvia Nürnberger.

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Lindenmair, A., Nürnberger, S., Stadler, G. et al. Intact human amniotic membrane differentiated towards the chondrogenic lineage. Cell Tissue Bank 15, 213–225 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10561-014-9454-9

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