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Brain Areas Responsible for Vigilance: An EEG Source Imaging Study

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Abstract

Vigilance, sometimes referred to as sustained attention, is an important type of human attention as it is closely associated with cognitive activities required in various daily-life situations. Although many researchers have investigated which brain areas control the maintenance of vigilance, findings have been inconsistent. We hypothesized that this inconsistency might be due to the use of different experimental paradigms in the various studies. We found that most of the previous studies used paradigms that included specific cognitive tasks requiring a high cognitive load, which could complicate identification of brain areas associated only with vigilance. To minimize the influence of cognitive processes other than vigilance on the analysis results, we adopted the d2-test of attention, which is a well-known neuropsychological test of attention that does not require high cognitive load, and searched for brain areas at which EEG source activities were temporally correlated with fluctuation of vigilance over a prolonged period of time. EEG experiments conducted with 31 young adults showed that left prefrontal cortex activity was significantly correlated with vigilance variation in the delta, beta1, beta2, and gamma frequency bands, but not the theta and alpha frequency bands. Our study results suggest that the left prefrontal cortex plays a key role in vigilance modulation, and can therefore be used to monitor individual vigilance changes over time or serve as a potential target of noninvasive brain stimulation.

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Notes

  1. Trial-to-trial reaction time variability (RTV) was also evaluated for each of 27 segments because increased RTV might be potentially associated with decreased attention. RTV of each segment was defined as the standard deviation of response speed within the segment. However, no significant correlation was found between temporal changes in RTV and CP. The temporal variability of RTV was consistent over the entire experiment (mean of RTV over 27 time segments: 89.13 ms, standard deviation of RTV over 27 segments: 6.38 ms).

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grants funded by Korea government (MSIP) (NRF-2015M3C7A1031969 and 2015R1A2A1A15054662).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea

    Jung-Hoon Kim & Chang-Hwan Im

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu, 59626, Republic of Korea

    Do-Won Kim

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  1. Jung-Hoon Kim
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Correspondence to Chang-Hwan Im.

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Kim, JH., Kim, DW. & Im, CH. Brain Areas Responsible for Vigilance: An EEG Source Imaging Study. Brain Topogr 30, 343–351 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10548-016-0540-0

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