Abstract
Search for new antimicrobial agents is of great significance due to the issue of antimicrobial resistance, which nowadays has become more important than many diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and biological effects of a dextran-graft-polyacrylamide (D-PAA) polymer-nanocarrier with/without silver or gold nanoparticles (AgNPs/D-PAA and AuNPs/D-PAA, respectively) to analyze their potential to replace or supplement conventional antibiotic therapy. The toxicity of nanocomplexes against eukaryotic cells was assessed on primary dermal fibroblasts using scratch, micronucleus and proliferation assays. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylradical) assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of D-PAA, AgNPs/D-PAA and AuNPs/D-PAA. DNA cleavage, antimicrobial and biofilm inhibition effects of nanocomplexes were investigated. Nanocomplexes were found to be of moderate toxicity against fibroblasts with no genotoxicity observed. AgNPs/D-PAA reduced motility and proliferation at lower concentrations compared with the other studied nanomaterials. AgNPs/D-PAA and AuNPs/D-PAA showed radical scavenging capacities in a dose-dependent manner. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs/D-PAA against various bacteria was found to be much higher compared to D-PAA and AuNPs/D-PAA, especially against E. hirae, E. faecalis and S. aureus, respectively. D-PAA, AgNPs/D-PAA and AuNPs/D-PAA showed DNA-cleaving and biofilm inhibitory activity, while AgNPs/D-PAA displayed the highest anti-biofilm activity. AgNPs/D-PAA and AuNPs/D-PAA were characterized by good antimicrobial activity. According to the findings of the study, AgNPs/D-PAA and AuNPs/D-PAA can be evaluated as alternatives for the preparation of new antimicrobial agents, the fight against biofilms, sterilization and disinfection processes. Our findings confirm the versatility of nanosystems based on dextran–polyacrylamide polymers and indicate that AgNPs/D-PAA and AuNPs/D-PAA can be evaluated as alternatives for the preparation of novel antimicrobial agents.
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Data are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank to University of Strasbourg Institut Charles Sadron, French PAUSE program for emergency welcome of Ukrainian scientist Dr. Nataliya Kutsevol (2022–2023), Catherine Foussat and Mélanie Legros from the characterization group of the Institut Charles Sadron (Strasbourg, France) for size exclusion chromatography characterization of the star-shaped polymer.
Funding
This study was supported in part by the funds provided by the Ministry of the Education and Science of Ukraine, Project no. 0122U00181 (Hybrid nanosystems based on “smart” polymers for biotechnology and medicine) and by National Research Foundation of Ukraine, Project 2020.02/0022 (Plasmon hybrid nanosystems “metal-polymer-fluorophore” with enhanced optical response for photonics and biomedical applications).
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Conceptualization: AT, ND, NK; Original draft writing: AT, N.K; Experimental data acquisition: SÖ, GT, AO, VP, VC, PV, VP; Interpretation of data: SÖ, GT, KO, VP, AO; Statistical analysis: KO, AO; Funding: NK.
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The study was approved by the Committee of Ethics and Bioethics at Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine (minutes #3 dated 28 August 2020) and was performed in compliance with the EU Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.
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Tkachenko, A., Özdemir, S., Tollu, G. et al. Antibacterial and antioxidant activity of gold and silver nanoparticles in dextran–polyacrylamide copolymers. Biometals 37, 115–130 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-023-00532-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-023-00532-7