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Lifting the curtain on the freshwater mussel diversity of the Italian Peninsula and Croatian Adriatic coast

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Abstract

Freshwater mussels of the order Unionida have been dramatically declining globally. Despite their ecological importance, conservation of these animals has been hindered by unresolved taxonomy and a lack of data on the distribution and status of populations, especially in southern Europe. Although the Italian Peninsula has been noted as a centre of endemism and one of the major refugia of the glacial ages for several taxa, few studies have been performed on the genetic diversity of Unionida. Most importantly, the taxonomic status of several freshwater mussel populations of the Italian Peninsula is still unresolved. Here we present the first comprehensive dataset for the Unionida of the region spanning Italy and the coastal Croatian region (west of the Dinaric Alps). In total, 191 specimens were collected (85 Anodonta, 64 Unio, 17 Microcondylaea bonellii and 25 Sinanodonta woodiana) from 34 sites across the Italian Peninsula and coastal Croatian river basins for molecular identification (COI, 16S and 28S). Genetic analyses were performed to understand major phylogenetic and phylogeographic patterns. Seven species were detected: three Anodonta species (A. anatina, A. cygnea and A. exulcerata), two Unio species (U. mancus and U. elongatulus), Microcondylaea bonellii, and the invasive Sinanodonta woodiana. The presence of three endemic species (A. exulcerata, U. elongatulus and M. bonellii) confirms the importance of the region as a centre of endemism for freshwater mussels. The Apennine Mountains act as an important biogeographic barrier.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under grants SFRH/BPD/108445/2015 (EF) and SFRH/BD/115728/2016 (MLL). Cindy Bogan reviewed a draft of this manuscript. We are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful remarks and suggestions that improved the quality of the manuscript; and to the Göteborg Natural History Museum for the loan of Swedish tissue samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CIIMAR/CIMAR — Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal

    Elsa Froufe & Manuel Lopes-Lima

  2. CIBIO/InBIO - Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal

    Manuel Lopes-Lima

  3. IUCN SSC Mollusc Specialist Group, c/o IUCN, David Attenborough Building, Pembroke St, Cambridge, England, UK

    Manuel Lopes-Lima

  4. CNR - Institute for Ecosystems Studies, Verbania Pallanza (VB), Italy

    Nicoletta Riccardi & Serena Zaccara

  5. DISTA - Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

    Serena Zaccara & Isabella Vanetti

  6. Division of Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Jasna Lajtner

  7. CIMO-ESA-IPB - Mountain Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, Apartado 1172, 5301-854, Bragança, Portugal

    Amílcar Teixeira

  8. Forestry Department, CITAB-UTAD - Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-811, Vila Real, Portugal

    Simone Varandas

  9. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, ISyEB (UMR 7205 CNRS/UPMC/MNHN/EPHE), 43, Rue Cuvier, 75231, Paris, France

    Vincent Prié

  10. School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Malaysia

    Alexandra Zieritz

  11. CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal

    Ronaldo Sousa

  12. Research Laboratory, North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, MSC 1626, Raleigh, NC, 27699-1626, USA

    Arthur E. Bogan

Authors
  1. Elsa Froufe
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  2. Manuel Lopes-Lima
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  3. Nicoletta Riccardi
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  4. Serena Zaccara
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  5. Isabella Vanetti
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  6. Jasna Lajtner
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  7. Amílcar Teixeira
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  8. Simone Varandas
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  9. Vincent Prié
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  10. Alexandra Zieritz
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  11. Ronaldo Sousa
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  12. Arthur E. Bogan
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elsa Froufe.

Additional information

Communicated by Robert Cowie.

This article belongs to the Topical Collection: Coastal and marine biodiversity.

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Froufe, E., Lopes-Lima, M., Riccardi, N. et al. Lifting the curtain on the freshwater mussel diversity of the Italian Peninsula and Croatian Adriatic coast. Biodivers Conserv 26, 3255–3274 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1403-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1403-z

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