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Ecology and management of invasive Pinaceae around the world: progress and challenges

  • Forest Invasions
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Abstract

Many species in the family Pinaceae are invaders. These species are relatively easy to control because of some of their intrinsic characteristics and because they are highly visible and easy to eliminate. Many Pinaceae species have been well studied because of their use in forestry and their invasive behavior in many countries. The impacts of invasive Pinaceae are not only ecological, but also economic and social. We review the ecology and management of Pinaceae invasions and explore how restoration of invaded areas should be addressed. There are many ways to prevent invasions and to deal with them. Planting less invasive species, better site selection, and invasion monitoring are used successfully in different parts of the world to prevent invasion. Mechanical and chemical methods are used effectively to control Pinaceae invasions. Control is more effective at the early stages of invasion. Old invasions are more problematic as their elimination is more expensive, and the restoration of native vegetation is challenging. In some areas, native vegetation cannot thrive after Pinaceae have been removed, and weeds colonize cleared areas. More attention is needed to prevent the initiation and spread of invasions by focusing control interventions at early stages of invasion. Finding new ways of dealing sustainably with conflicts of interest between foresters and conservationists is crucial. Non-native Pinaceae are important parts of the economies and landscapes in several countries and they will continue to play such a role in the future. Despite the numerous challenges facing Pinaceae invasion management, several approaches can be successful at controlling them. Proper application of current techniques and development of more efficient ones is needed if the goal of maximizing benefits and minimizing negative impacts is to be achieved.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Modified from Lovett et al. (2016)

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Acknowledgements

We thank M. Gundale, A. Carrillo Gavilán, K. Taylor and L Vítková for providing information on Pinaceae management from Europe and the USA. AP and RG were funded by Fondecyt Grant 1140485 and the Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity Grants ICM P05-002 and CONICYT PFB-23. DMR and BWvW acknowledge support from the DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology and the Working for Water Programme through their collaborative research project on “Integrated Management of invasive alien species in South Africa”, and the National Research Foundation (Grant 85417 to DMR; Grant 87550 to BWvW). MN and JM were funded by PICT 2014-0662 of the ANPCyT of Argentina. TP acknowledge support from the Sustainable Farming Fund (Ministry for Primary Industries; No. 13/031).

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  1. Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMA, CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Av. de Los Pioneros 2350, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina

    Martin A. Nuñez, Mariana C. Chiuffo, Agostina Torres, Nahuel Policelli & Jaime Moyano

  2. New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd, 49 Sala Street, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand

    Thomas Paul

  3. Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, CONICET, INTA, Modesta Victoria 4450, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina

    Romina D. Dimarco

  4. Department of Conservation, Dunedin Office, P O Box 5244, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand

    Peter Raal

  5. Laboratorio de Invasiones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile

    Rafael A. García & Aníbal Pauchard

  6. Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile

    Rafael A. García & Aníbal Pauchard

  7. Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

    Brian W. van Wilgen & David M. Richardson

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  1. Martin A. Nuñez
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Correspondence to Martin A. Nuñez.

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Guest Editors: Andrew Liebhold, Eckehard Brockerhoff and Martin Nuñez / Special issue on Biological Invasions in Forests prepared by a task force of the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO).

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Nuñez, M.A., Chiuffo, M.C., Torres, A. et al. Ecology and management of invasive Pinaceae around the world: progress and challenges. Biol Invasions 19, 3099–3120 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1483-4

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