Abstract
Purpose
Based on the clinical need for grafts for vascular tissue regeneration, our group developed a customizable scaffold derived from the human amniotic membrane. Our approach consists of rolling the decellularized amniotic membrane around a mandrel to form a multilayered tubular scaffold with tunable diameter and wall thickness. Herein, we aimed to investigate if silica nanoparticles (SiNP) could enhance the adhesion of the amnion layers within these rolled grafts.
Methods
To test this, we assessed the structural integrity and mechanical properties of SiNP-treated scaffolds. Mechanical tests were repeated after six months to evaluate adhesion stability in aqueous environments.
Results
Our results showed that the rolled SiNP-treated scaffolds maintained their tubular shape upon hydration, while non-treated scaffolds collapsed. By scanning electron microscopy, SiNP-treated scaffolds presented more densely packed layers than untreated controls. Mechanical analysis showed that SiNP treatment increased the scaffold’s tensile strength up to tenfold in relation to non-treated controls and changed the mechanism of failure from interfacial slipping to single-point fracture. The nanoparticles reinforced the scaffolds both at the interface between two distinct layers and within each layer of the extracellular matrix. Finally, SiNP-treated scaffolds significantly increased the suture pullout force in comparison to untreated controls.
Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that SiNP prevents the unraveling of a multilayered extracellular matrix graft while improving the scaffolds’ overall mechanical properties. In addition to the generation of a robust biomaterial for vascular tissue regeneration, this novel layering technology is a promising strategy for a number of bioengineering applications.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
Special thanks to Kimberly Backer-Kelley of the Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research for her support at the Electron Microscopy core lab. UF Health Shands Labor & Delivery unit. Dr. Dara Wakefield and Louis Kauo of the UF Health Shands Department of Pathology.
Funding
Financial support provided by the National Institute of Health (NIH R01 HL088207).
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LAG: Performed experiments, analyzed the data and wrote the paper; HDZ: analyzed the data and wrote the paper; CM: performed experiments; PM: supervised the study, analyzed the data and wrote the paper.
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Placental tissues were obtained from the Labor & Delivery department at UF Health Shands Hospital at the University of Florida (Gainesville, FL, IRB approval #64-2010).
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10529_2024_3469_MOESM1_ESM.tif
Supplementary file1 (TIF 1048 KB)—Characterization of Ludox TM-50 Nanoparticles. a) Transmission electron microscopic image showed particle diameters of approximately 25 nm. b) Absorbance spectra of Ludox® TM-50 nanoparticle dispersions prepared in H2O. Magnification: 200,000x. Scale bar represents 100 nm
10529_2024_3469_MOESM2_ESM.tif
Supplementary file2 (TIF 236 KB)—Silica retention. The maximum retention and stability of nanoparticle-ECM interaction were studied both with and without lyophilization. Single-layered sections of freeze-dried amniotic ECM were incubated for 60 s in 0.7 mg/ml Ludox TM50 SiNP under gentle agitation. Half of the samples were subsequently incubated in water on an orbital shaker plate for 30 min. The other samples were lyophilized for 48 h prior to the 30 min incubation in water. Silica retention was determined based on the change in weight following the wash in water using the following equation:\(Silica\,retained \left( {\frac{\mu g}{{mm^{2} }}} \right) = \frac{{\left( {W{-}W_{0} } \right)}}{scaffold\,dimensions},\) where W represents the dry weight of the scaffold following the wash and lyophilization and W0 is the initial dry weight of the sample. The lyophilization step showed to be necessary for the retention of silica in the scaffolds, and the maximum retention was found to be 26.7 ± 5.55 μg/mm2
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Goldberg, L.A., Zomer, H.D., McFetridge, C. et al. Silica nanoparticles enhance interfacial self-adherence of a multi-layered extracellular matrix scaffold for vascular tissue regeneration. Biotechnol Lett 46, 469–481 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-024-03469-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-024-03469-0