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A Novel Signature Based on Anoikis Associated with BCR-Free Survival for Prostate Cancer

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Abstract

This study aimed to elucidate the role of anoikis in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa) and to develop a prognostic signature based on anoikis-related genes (ARGs). To achieve this, PCa cases were subjected to nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) analysis, which allowed for the identification of distinct patterns of anoikis modification. Additionally, immune infiltration was evaluated using single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and a risk score was generated based on the expression levels of ARGs to quantitatively assess the modification of anoikis in PCa. Using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method, four hub-genes were identified, and patients were classified into different risk groups based on their individual scores. Importantly, the low-risk subtype was characterized by a significantly improved biochemical recurrence-free survival, underscoring the clinical relevance of the ARG-based prognostic signature. To further improve the prognostic accuracy of the signature, patient age, pathological T stage, Gleason score, and prostate-specific antigen level were incorporated into the analysis, yielding a comprehensive prognostic signature. The clinical relevance of this signature was illustrated through a nomogram, providing a visual representation of the prognostic implications of the ARG-based signature. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential of ARGs in predicting the clinical outcomes of PCa patients and provide a novel and clinically relevant prognostic signature based on the modification of anoikis in PCa.

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Data Availability

All data in our research can be acquired from TCGA datasets (https://portal.gdc.cancer.gov/) and GEO datasets (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gds/).

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Acknowledgements

All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version. There was no third party support in conducting this research, analyzing the data, or preparing the manuscript for submission.

Funding

This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province [Grant number 2020J011220 and 2020J011236], the Key Medical and Health Projects in Xiamen (Grant number 3502Z20209002) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant number 81772893]. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiamen Cancer Center, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Rd, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian, China

    Chen Yang & Qin Lin

  2. Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China

    Tian Yu

  3. Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing, 100730, China

    Tian Yu

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  1. Chen Yang
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  2. Tian Yu
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  3. Qin Lin
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Contributions

CY conceived the idea. CY and TY designed the study. CY collected the data, finished the content analysis, and edited the article pictures. TY and QWL helped editing the article pictures. CY drafted the manuscript. TY and QL reviewed and corrected the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Qin Lin.

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All data in our research were acquired from public datasets and did not require ethical review.

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Yang, C., Yu, T. & Lin, Q. A Novel Signature Based on Anoikis Associated with BCR-Free Survival for Prostate Cancer. Biochem Genet 61, 2496–2513 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-023-10387-9

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