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Innate immunesenescence: underlying mechanisms and clinical relevance

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Abstract

A well-established feature of physiological ageing is altered immune function, a phenomenon termed immunesenescence. Thought to be responsible in part for the increased incidence and severity of infection reported by older adults, as well as the age-related decline in vaccine efficacy and autoimmunity, immunesenescence affects both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Whilst much is known regarding the impact of age on adaptive immunity, innate immunity has received far less attention from immune gerontologists. However, over the last decade it has become increasingly apparent that this non-specific arm of the immune response undergoes considerable functional and phenotypical alterations with age. Here, we provide a detailed overview of innate immunesenescence and its underlying molecular mechanisms, and highlight those studies whose results indicate that changes in innate immunity with age have a significant impact upon the health and well-being of older adults.

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Abbreviations

ADCC:

Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity

IL:

Interleukin

KLRG1:

Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

mDCs:

Myeloid dendritic cells

MDDCs:

Monocyte-derived dendritic cells

NETs:

Neutrophil extracellular traps

NKp46:

Natural killer cell p46-related protein

PBDCs:

Peripheral blood dendritic cells

pDCs:

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

TNF-α:

Tumour-necrosis factor alpha

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  1. MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK

    Jon Hazeldine & Janet M. Lord

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  1. Jon Hazeldine
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Hazeldine, J., Lord, J.M. Innate immunesenescence: underlying mechanisms and clinical relevance. Biogerontology 16, 187–201 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-014-9514-3

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