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A systems analysis of age-related changes in some cardiac aging traits

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Abstract

Aging process or senescence affects the expression of a wide range of phenotypic traits throughout the life span of organisms. These traits often show modular, synergistic, and even antagonistic relationships, and are also influenced by genomic, developmental, physiological and environmental factors. The cardiovascular system (CVS) in humans represents a major modular system in which the relationships among physiological, anatomical and morphological traits undergo continuous remodeling throughout the life span of an individual. Here we extend the concept of developmental plasticity in order to study the relationships among 14 traits measured on 3,412 individuals from the Framingham Heart Study cohort, relative to age and gender, using exploratory structural equation modeling—a form of systems analysis. Our results reveal differing patterns of association among cardiac traits in younger and older persons in both sexes, indicating that physiological and developmental factors may be channeled differentially in relation to age and gender during the remodeling process. We suggest that systems approaches are necessary in order to understand the coordinated functional relationships among traits of the CVS over the life course of individuals.

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Acknowledgments

DRG thanks the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) for supporting a working group and its members for discussions; Drs. Vasan and Norris for suggestions at the inception of the study; Dr. Khrapko for logistical support. DRG, KP and DSR analyzed the data, and DRG wrote the paper. DRG is grateful to Dr. Richard Jones for his generous help with the ESEM analysis, and to Drs. C. Goodnight, M. Larson, A. Moczek, S. Raj, S. Robins and the reviewers for helpful suggestions. JM and RD’A facilitated data acquisition and financial support for KP.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    D. R. Govindaraju

  2. Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Boston University, 111 Cummington Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    K. M. Pencina, J. M. Massaro & R. B. D’Agostino

  3. Department of Statistics, Oxford University, 1 South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3TG, UK

    D. S. Raj

  4. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA

    B. A. Carnes

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  1. D. R. Govindaraju
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Correspondence to D. R. Govindaraju.

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Govindaraju, D.R., Pencina, K.M., Raj, D.S. et al. A systems analysis of age-related changes in some cardiac aging traits. Biogerontology 15, 139–152 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10522-013-9486-8

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