Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) against Aeromonas caviae and its applications in aquaculture

  • Published:
Aquaculture International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Over the past two decades, intensive work has been conducted on antioxidants as they have great potential to prevent diseases and complications associated with age. Seaweeds are rich natural sources of bioactive metabolites with antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics. In the present study, bioactive metabolites were extracted from the seaweed Gelidium pusillum by maceration in aqueous and ethanolic medium. The dried weed powder was analyzed by GC-MS and FTIR. The macerated products were assayed for antioxidant and antibacterial activity by in vitro and in vivo methods. Antibacterial activity against the marine pathogen Aeromonas caviae was observed. Giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) were used as models for in vivo assays by inducing pathogenicity by intramuscular injection of pathogen. The present study revealed that G. pusillum is a rich source of antioxidant and antibacterial compounds. The data obtained from the present study substantiates the potential of G. pusillum as an ideal antioxidant and antibacterial in the aquaculture industry. The animals treated with the ethanolic extract of G. pusillum (35 μl of 1mg/ml extract) survived even after 3 weeks, compared to the untreated in which 100% mortality was observed within 120 h. Relative percentage survival (RPS) of 90% was observed in the group treated with the seaweed extract. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several compounds previously reported for antibacterial activity. In the present work, a total of seven compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis, out of which two compounds are reported to have antimicrobial activity. High sustained survival of the infected prawns post-administration of the extract revealed that this sea weed has potential in the biopharmaceutical, aquaculture, and food sectors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Not applicable

References

  • Amend DF (1981) Potency testing of fish vaccines. Fish Biol: Serodiagnostics Vaccines 49:447–454

    Google Scholar 

  • Austin B, Adams C (1996) Fish Pathogens. 197–243

  • Bag G, Grihanjali Devi P, Bhaigyabati T (2015) Assessment of total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of methanolic rhizome extract of three Hedychium species of Manipur Valley. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 30:154–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, Volume one: The archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic bacteria, Williams & Wilkins, 1984

  • Biller JD, Takahashi LS (2018) Oxidative stress and fish immune system: phagocytosis and leukocyte respiratory burst activity. Ann Braz Acad Sci 90(4):3403–3414

  • Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brouwer M, Brouwer TH, Grater W (1997) The paradigm that all oxygen-respiring eukaryotes have cytosolic CuZn-superoxide dismutase and that Mn-superoxide dismutase is localized to the mitochondria does not apply to a large group of marine arthropods. Biochemistry 36:13381–13388. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi971052c

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng H-Y, Song S-Q (2006) Species and organ diversity in the effects of hydrogen peroxide on superoxide dismutase activity in vitro. J Integr Plant Biol 48:672–678. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2006.00266.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dandapat J, Chainy GBN, Janardhana Rao K (2000) Dietary vitamin-E modulates antioxidant defence system in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Comp Biochem Physiol Part C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol 127:101–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-8413(00)00132-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dinabandhu Sahoo Common seaweeds of India I. K. International Pvt Ltd 2010, ISBN 8190777068, 9788190777063

  • Ducklow HW, Tarraza HM Jr, Mitchell R (1980) Experimental pathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus for the schistosome-bearing snail Biomphalaria glabrata. Can J Microbiol 26:503–506

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hänninen M, Oivanen P, Hirvelä-koski V (1997) Aeromonas species in fish, fish-eggs, shrimp and freshwater. Int J Food Microbiol 34(1):17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(96)01163-4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hayyan M, Hashim MA, AlNashef IM (2016) Superoxide ion: generation and chemical implications. Chem Rev 116:3029–3085. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00407

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Igbinosa IH, Igumbor EU, Aghdasi F, Tom M, Okoh AI (2012) Emerging Aeromonas species infections and their significance in public health. ScientificWorldJournal 2012:625023–625013. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/625023

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jhingran VG (1989) Aquaculture in India

  • Kannan T (2014) FTIR and EDS analysis of the seaweeds Sargassum wightii (brown algae) and Gracilaria corticata (red algae). Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 3:341–351

    Google Scholar 

  • Kono Y (1978) Generation of superoxide radical during autoxidation of hydroxylamine and an assay for superoxide dismutase. Arch Biochem Biophys 186:189–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(78)90479-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kubilay A, Altun S, Ulukoy G, et al (2008) Immunization of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against Lactococcus garvieae using vaccine mixtures

  • Lambert JB (1987). Introduction to organic spectroscopy. (No. 04; QD272. S6, I5)

  • Lammers K, Arbuckle-Keil G, Dighton J (2009) FT-IR study of the changes in carbohydrate chemistry of three New Jersey pine barrens leaf litters during simulated control burning. Soil Biol Biochem 41(2):340–347

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu S-C, Lin J-T, Wang C-K et al (2009) Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts from lychee (Litchi chinenesis Sonn.) flowers. Food Chem 114:577–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2008.09.088

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Newman DJ, Cragg GM (2016) Natural products as sources of new drugs from 1981 to 2014. J Nat Prod 79:629–661. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01055

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noctor G, Foyer CH(1998) Ascorbate and glutathione: Keeping active oxygen under control. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 49:249–79

  • Pohanka M (2013) Role of oxidative stress in infectious diseases. A review. Folia Microbiol 58(6):503–513

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reiter RJ, Melchiorri D, Sewerynek E, Poeggeler B (1995) A review of the evidence supporting melatonin’s role as an antioxidant. J Pineal Res 18:1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shanju S, Geraldine P (2011) Quantitative protein profile of three Macrobrachium species during reproductive cycle. Asian J Anim Vet Adv 6:731–737

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sindhi V, Gupta V, Sharma K, Sharma K, Bhatnagar S, Kumari R, Dhaka N (2013) Potential applications of antioxidants – a review. J Pharm Res 7:828–835

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smirnoff N, Cumbes QJ (1989) Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of compatible solutes. Phytochemistry 28:1057–1060

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sroka Z, Cisowski W (2003) Hydrogen peroxide scavenging, antioxidant and anti-radical activity of some phenolic acids. Food Chem Toxicol 41:753–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00329-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stalin A, Broos KV, Sadiq Bukhari A, Syed Mohamed HE, Singhal RK, Venu-Babu P (2013) Morphological and histological studies on freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man) irradiated with 60Co gamma radiation. Aquat Toxicol 144–145:36–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.021

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thanigaivel S, Vijayakumar S, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N, Thomas J (2014) Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Chaetomorpha antennina against shrimp pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Aquaculture 433:467–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.07.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas J, Jerobin J, Seelan TSJ et al (2013) Studies on pathogenecity of Aeromonas salmonicida in catfish Clarias batrachus and control measures by neem nanoemulsion. Aquaculture 396–399:71–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vatsos IN, Rebours C (2015) Seaweed extracts as antimicrobial agents in aquaculture. J Appl Phycol 27:2017–2035. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-014-0506-0

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weydert CJ, Cullen JJ (2010) Measurement of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in cultured cells and tissue. Nat Protoc 5:51–66

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wijesinghe WAJP, Jeon Y-J (2012) Exploiting biological activities of brown seaweed Ecklonia cava for potential industrial applications: a review. Int J Food Sci Nutr 63:225–235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zakaria NA, Ibrahim D, Sulaiman S, Supardy A (2011) Assessment of antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and invitro toxicity of Malaysian red seaweed. Acanthophora Spicifera 3(3):182–191

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to VIT Vellore for providing the required facilities to carry out this work.

Code availability

Not applicable

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Nanobiotechnology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

    Pranay Agarwal, Pooja Kayala, Natrajan Chandrasekaran, Amitava Mukherjee & John Thomas

  2. Dept of biotechnology, Ramnarain Ruia Autonomous College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

    Shreshtha Shah

Authors
  1. Pranay Agarwal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pooja Kayala
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Natrajan Chandrasekaran
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Amitava Mukherjee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Shreshtha Shah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. John Thomas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Not applicable

Corresponding author

Correspondence to John Thomas.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

Not applicable

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Handling Editor: Brian Austin

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Innovations in disease control and diagnosis.

Supplementary Information

ESM 1

(PDF 507 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Agarwal, P., Kayala, P., Chandrasekaran, N. et al. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Gelidium pusillum (Stackhouse) against Aeromonas caviae and its applications in aquaculture. Aquacult Int 29, 845–858 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-021-00661-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-021-00661-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation