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Diabetes and apoptosis: neural crest cells and neural tube

  • Diabetes and Apoptosis
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Abstract

Birth defects resulting from diabetic pregnancy are associated with apoptosis of a critical mass of progenitor cells early during the formation of the affected organ(s). Insufficient expression of genes that regulate viability of the progenitor cells is responsible for the apoptosis. In particular, maternal diabetes inhibits expression of a gene, Pax3, that encodes a transcription factor which is expressed in neural crest and neuroepithelial cells. As a result of insufficient Pax3, cardiac neural crest and neuroepithelial cells undergo apoptosis by a process dependent on the p53 tumor suppressor protein. This, then provides a cellular explanation for the cardiac outflow tract and neural tube and defects induced by diabetic pregnancy.

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Abbreviations

T1DM:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

T2DM:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

STZ:

Streptozotocin

NTD:

Neural tube defect(s)

COTD:

Cardiac outflow tract defect(s)

CNC:

Cardiac neural crest

Glut:

Glucose transporter(s)

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidized glutathione

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the NIH (RO1 DK52865 and RO1 DK58300), the American Diabetes Association, and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation to MRL.

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  1. Section on Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

    James H. Chappell Jr., Xiao Dan Wang & Mary R. Loeken

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  1. James H. Chappell Jr.
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  2. Xiao Dan Wang
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  3. Mary R. Loeken
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Correspondence to Mary R. Loeken.

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Chappell, J.H., Wang, X.D. & Loeken, M.R. Diabetes and apoptosis: neural crest cells and neural tube. Apoptosis 14, 1472–1483 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-009-0338-6

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