Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

High-linearity Gilbert-cell mixer design for cryogenic applications

  • Published:
Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A Gilbert-cell mixer is designed for operation in cryogenic conditions (\(-196~^\circ\)C) using UMC 180 nm CMOS technology. The operating frequency is determined as 5 GHz. The proposed mixer achieves an IIP3 of 12.8 dBm, a 1-dB compression of 2.19 dBm, and a conversion gain of around 4 dB at \(-196~^\circ\)C. The design performance has been compared with the outcomes acquired at room temperature. It is verified that cryogenic conditions enable higher linearity and lower noise figure that elevates the mixer design performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of data and materials

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

References

  1. Kayıhan, H. I., Kabaoğlu, A., & Yelten, M. B. (2019). In: 2019 11th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO), pp. 392–396.

  2. Güleç, H. O., & Yelten, M. B. (2019). In: 2019 6th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ICEEE), pp. 220–224.

  3. Uzun, Y., Kabaoğlu, A., & Yelten, M. B. (2019). In: 2019 11th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO), pp. 388–391.

  4. Gupta, S.K ., Yadava, N., & Chauhan, R. K. (2019). In: 2019 IEEE 5th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT), pp. 1–6.

  5. Zhou, S. H. (2012). In: 2012 IEEE Symposium on Electrical Electronics Engineering (EEESYM), pp. 392–395.

  6. Rudersdorfer, R. (2013). Radio Receiver Technology: Principles, architectures and application. John Wiley and Sons.

  7. Ghayvat, H., Bandil, L., Mukhopadhyay, S. C., & Gupta, R. (2015). In: 2015 Fifth International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies, pp. 781–785.

  8. Saoudi, H., Dhieb, M., Ghariani, H., & Lahiani, M. (2017). In: 2017 18th International Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering (STA) , pp. 133–138.

  9. Rogers, J., & Plett, C. (2010). Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design, 2nd edn. Artech House.

  10. Belorkar, U. A., Ladhake, S. A., & Kale, S. N. (2012). In: 2012 IEEE Business Engineering and Industrial Applications Colloquium (BEIAC) (pp. 140–144). Kuala Lumpur.

  11. Gilbert, B. (2007). A precise four-quadrant multiplier with subnanosecond response. IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society Newsletter, 12(4), 29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kabaoğlu, A., Şahin Solmaz, N., İlik, S., Uzun, Y., & Yelten, M. B. (2019). Statistical mosfet modeling methodology for cryogenic conditions. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 66(1), 66.

  13. Kabaoğlu, A., Şahin Solmaz, N., İlik, S., Uzun, Y., & Yelten, M. B. (2019). Variability-aware cryogenic models of mosfets: validation and circuit design. Semiconductor Science and Technology 34(11), 115004.

  14. Sushmitha, D. K., & Nagabushanam, M. (2018). In: 2018 3rd IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics Information Communication Technology (RTEICT), pp. 1767–1770.

  15. Sharma, P., & Manjula, J. (2013). Design of low power and low noise figure gilbert mixer. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, 2(4), 1220.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Razavi, B. (2012). RF Microelectronics, 2nd edn. Prentice Hall.

  17. Morad, E., Rasouli, E., & Alasvandi, M. (2014). High linearity common gate gilbert cell mixer design using cmos 0.18um technology for 2.4 ghz applications. Electrical and Electronic Engineering 4(3), 52.

  18. Aparin, V., & Larson, L. E. (2005). Modified derivative superposition method for linearizing fet low-noise amplifiers. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 53(2), 571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Yoon, J., Kim, H., Park, C., Yang, J., Song, H., Lee, S., & Kim, B. (2008). A new rf cmos gilbert mixer with improved noise figure and linearity. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 56(3), 626. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2008.916942

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Singh, D., & Khatri, R. (2018). In: 2018 4th International Conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT) , pp. 1–5.

  21. Murad, S. A. Z., Pokharel, R. K., Abdelghany, M. A., Kanaya, H., & Yoshida, K. (2010). In: IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON) , pp. 1509–1512.

  22. Altuner, E., Ozoguz, I. S., & Yelten, M. B. (2021). In: 2021 13th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO) , pp. 102–105.

  23. Douss, S., Touati, F., & Loulou, M. (2007). In: 2007 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications, pp. 89–92.

  24. Na, D., & Kim, T. W. (2012). A 1.2 v, 0.87-3.7 ghz wideband low-noise mixer using a current mirror for multiband application. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 22(2), 2012.

  25. Villegas, A., Váquez, D., & Rueda, A. (2010). In: XXV Conference on Design of Circuits and Integrated Systems (2010), p, 2010 , pp. 1–5.

  26. Gao, Y., Huang, F., Wu, L., & Cheng, J. (2009). In: 2009 Asia Pacific Conference on Postgraduate Research in Microelectronics and Electronics (PrimeAsia), pp. 97–100.

  27. Avvaru, S., et al. (2020). Design and optimization of double balanced gilbert cell mixer in 130 nm cmos process. Solid State Electronics Letters, 2, 129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the Technological Research Council of Turkey under the project TÜBİTAK 1001 215E080.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istanbul Technical University Electronics and Communications Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey

    Emre Altuner, Ismail Serdar Özoğuz & Mustafa Berke Yelten

Authors
  1. Emre Altuner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ismail Serdar Özoğuz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mustafa Berke Yelten
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors have contributed equally in the formation of this article.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mustafa Berke Yelten.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no competing interests as defined by Springer, or other interests that might be perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This work was supported by the Technological Research Council of Turkey under the project TÜBİTAK 1001 215E080.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Altuner, E., Özoğuz, I.S. & Yelten, M.B. High-linearity Gilbert-cell mixer design for cryogenic applications. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process 113, 249–256 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-022-02098-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-022-02098-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation