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Low Quality of Life, Falls, and Pre-Frailty are Associated with Depressive Symptoms in Virologically Suppressed PLWHIV in Salvador, Brazil

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Abstract

Depression is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide and PLWHIV present a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms. We aimed to evaluate depressive symptoms and their predictors in virologically suppressed PLWHIV. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 200 PLWHIV. Depressive symptoms were defined as scoring ≥ 14 points in the Beck Depression Inventory II. Most of the participants (58.5%) were men, with a median age of 54 years (IQR: 46.25–59.00). Depressive symptoms’ prevalence was 19.5% and they were associated with being divorced/widowed (aOR: 2.93, CI 95%: 1.17–7.37), recurrent falls (aOR: 4.24, CI 95%: 1.07–16.85), pre-frailty (aOR: 3.55, CI 95%: 1.47–8.57), and lower scores in all HRQoL dimensions. Although virologically suppressed PLWHIV presented lower prevalence of depressive symptoms than reported in previous studies in Brazil and South America, they were associated with falls and frailty, highlighting the need for screening.

Resumen

La depresión es la principal causa de años vividos con discapacidad en todo el mundo y las PVVIH presentan un mayor riesgo de desarrollar síntomas depresivos. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar los síntomas depresivos y sus predictores en PVVIH que tienen supresión viral. Fue realizado un estudio de corte transversal incluyendo 200 PVVIH. La presencia de síntomas depresivos fue definida con una puntuación ≥ 14 puntos en el Inventario de Depresión de Beck II. La mayoría de los participantes (58.5%) fueron hombres, la mediana de edad fue de 54 años (RIQ: 46.25–59.00), y la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos fue de 19.5%. La depresión estuvo asociada con ser divorciado/viudo (ORa: 2.93, IC 95%: 1.17–7.37), caídas recurrentes (ORa: 4.24, IC 95%: 1.07–16.85) y prefragilidad (ORa: 3.55, IC 95%: 1.47–8.57). Los pacientes con síntomas depresivos tuvieron puntuaciones más bajas en todas las dimensiones de la escala de calidad de vida. Aunque encontramos una baja prevalencia de síntomas depresivos en PVVIH con supresión virológica en comparación con estudios previos en Brasil y Sudamérica, los factores asociados resaltan la importancia de la identificación temprana de caídas y fragilidad en esta población.

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Data Availability

Data included as electronic supplementary material.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Larissa Lins, Monah Sampaio, and our collaborative team from the Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infectologia (LAPI), who provided a strong contribution to this work.

Funding

This work was partially supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia (FAPESB) [2351/2020 to A.T.], the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) [141796/2019-7 to D.Z.], and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior–Brasil (CAPES) [Finance Code 001].

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Contributions

CB, SA, RA and LL-K contributed to the study conception and design. Data collection was performed by RA, SA, AT, DZ and IM. Statistical analysis was performed by AT, SA and LL-K. The first draft of the manuscript was written by RA, SA and LSS and all authors revised and contributed on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sávio Amaral.

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The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

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The Institutional Review Board, Federal University of Bahia, approved the study protocol (report number 2.832.026 of August 20, 2018).

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Araujo, R.A., Amaral, S., Tolentino, A. et al. Low Quality of Life, Falls, and Pre-Frailty are Associated with Depressive Symptoms in Virologically Suppressed PLWHIV in Salvador, Brazil. AIDS Behav 26, 397–406 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-021-03393-8

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