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Determining effect of tree on wheat growth and yield parameters at three tree-base distances in wheat/Jand (Prosopis cineraria) agroforestry systems

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Abstract

Agroforestry is an integrated land use for agriculture and forestry which can ensure food security as well as forest cover. Notwithstanding, competition for natural resources can occur in some cases. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the effect of Prosopis cineraria on wheat growth and production. Wheat growth and production parameters were recorded at three distances from the tree base, as well as four aspects of the tree at five localities. The parameters recorded were; number of wheat plants m−2, number of tillers plant−1, leaf plant−1, wheat biomass m−2 and wheat production m−2. The results showed a marginal effect on wheat growth and production on the southern aspect and at 12.0 m distance from the tree base. Similarly, the effect was highly significant (p < 0.01) at 3.0 m distance from the tree base and also on the northern aspect of the tree. However, this effect varied with locality to locality. The highest mean wheat production was 84.03 ± 6.00 g m−2 at Shahab-Khel. The wheat production was > 31% and 54% at 12.0 m distance from tree base on southern aspect compared to 3.0 m distance and northern aspect, respectively. Based on these findings it is concluded that effect of forest tree on wheat production can further be minimized by sowing wheat crop at a distance ≥ 12 m from tree base and also on lopping of the tree in winter to reduce shade effect northern aspect.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to the International (Regional) Cooperation and Exchange Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32061123005) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (41971061) for supporting this research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir (U), KP, Pakistan

    A. Khan, J. Muhammad, F. Ali, M. Amin & A. Ullah Khan

  2. Institute of Desertification Studies/Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China

    A. Khan & X. Yang

  3. Non-Timber Forest Produce Division, Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar, Pakistan

    G. Ali Bajwa

  4. School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    M. Hayat

  5. Agricultural Research Station, Sarai Naurang, KPK, Pakistan

    A. Quddoos

  6. School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China

    T. Ullah Khan

  7. Department of Zoology, Kohat University, Kohat, 26170, KP, Pakistan

    T. Ullah Khan

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  1. A. Khan
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Khan, A., Bajwa, G.A., Yang, X. et al. Determining effect of tree on wheat growth and yield parameters at three tree-base distances in wheat/Jand (Prosopis cineraria) agroforestry systems. Agroforest Syst 97, 187–196 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-022-00797-w

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