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Rarefied gas effect in hypersonic shear flows

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Abstract

Recently, as aerodynamics was applied to flying vehicles with very high speed and flying at high altitude, the numerical simulation based on the Navier–Stokes (NS) equations was found that cannot correctly predict certain aero-thermo-dynamic properties in a certain range of velocity and altitude while the Knudsen number indicates that the flow is still in the continuum regime. As first noted by Zhou and Zhang (Science in China, 2015), the invalidity of NS equations for such flows might be attributed to an non-equilibrium effect originating from the combined effects of gas rarefaction and strong shear in the boundary-layer flows. In this paper, we present the scope, physical concept, mathematical model of this shear non-equilibrium effect in hypersonic flows, as well as the way of considering this effect in conventional computational fluid mechanics (CFD) for engineering applications. Several hypersonic flows over sharp bodies and blunt bodies are analyzed by the proposed new continuum model, named direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) data-improved Navier–Stokes (DiNS) model.

Graphic abstract

Recently, as aerodynamics was applied to flying vehicles with very high speed and flying at high altitude, the numerical simulation based on the Navier–Stokes (NS) equations was found that cannot correctly predict certain aero-thermo-dynamic properties in a certain range of velocity and altitude while the Knudsen number indicates that the flow is still in the continuum regime. As first noted by Zhou and Zhang (Science in China, 2015), the invalidity of NS equations for such flows might be attributed to an non-equilibrium effect originating from the combined effects of gas rarefaction and strong shear in the boundary-layer flows. In this paper, we present the scope, physical concept, mathematical model of this shear non-equilibrium effect in hypersonic flows, as well as the way of considering this effect in conventional computational fluid mechanics (CFD) for engineering applications. Several hypersonic flows over sharp bodies and blunt bodies are analyzed by the proposed new continuum model, named direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) data-improved Navier–Stokes (DiNS) model..

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Acknowledgements

Prof. Hanxin Zhang is gratefully acknowledged for his combined effort with Prof. Heng Zhou for the initiation of research as presented in this paper, as well as for some fruitful discussions. Ph.D. students Jihui Ou and Chenyue Wang are warmly acknowledged for their essential contributions to the research of hypersonic flows with rarefied gas effects. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 11802202) and Science and Technology Planning Project of Tianjin Province (Grant 20JCQNJC01240). This work was granted access to the HPC resources of NSCC-Tianjin.

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  1. Laboratory of High-speed Aerodynamics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Jie Chen & Heng Zhou

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Communicated by Xiao-Jing Zheng.

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Chen, J., Zhou, H. Rarefied gas effect in hypersonic shear flows. Acta Mech. Sin. 37, 2–17 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-021-01051-9

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