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Interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen und andere progressive pulmonale Fibrosen

Leitlinien-Update zu Diagnostik und Therapie

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other progressive pulmonary fibroses

Update of the guidelines on diagnostics and treatment

  • Leitthema
  • Published:
Zeitschrift für Pneumologie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Bei der Betreuung von Patienten mit interstitiellen Lungenerkrankungen (ILDs) steht aktuell eine breite Auswahl an medikamentösen Therapieoptionen zur Verfügung, sodass die frühe und korrekte Diagnosestellung einen wichtigen Stellenwert einnimmt. In der neuen deutschen Leitlinie wurden daher konsentierte Aussagen zur Diagnostik und Verlaufsform der verschiedenen interstitiellen Lungenerkrankungen formuliert, sodass die verfügbaren therapeutischen Strategien bei den jeweiligen Patientenpopulationen in optimaler Weise zum Einsatz kommen. Im ersten Teil der Leitlinie wurden der aktuelle Wissensstand sowie die Evidenzlage zur idiopathischen Lungenfibrose (IPF), die als Modellerkrankung einer fibrosierenden ILD gilt, aktualisiert sowie mit den Erfahrungen von Experten ergänzt. So konnte die Effektivität der antifibrotischen Therapie in zahlreichen neuen Post-hoc-Analysen sowie Langzeitdaten belegt und in Real-World-Beobachtungen weiter erhärtet werden. Die Behandlung mit Nintedanib und Pirfenidon stellt derzeit somit die Therapie der Wahl für Patienten mit IPF dar. Weniger klar ist die Situation bei anderen ILD-Formen, die eine ausgeprägte entzündliche Komponente aufweisen und in unterschiedlicher Häufigkeit einen progredient fibrosierenden Krankheitsverlauf entwickeln können. So befasst sich der zweite Teil der Leitlinie mit progredient fibrosierenden interstitiellen Lungenerkrankungen (PF-ILD) bzw. einer progredienten pulmonalen Fibrose (PPF), bei denen sich die Indikation für eine antifibrotische Therapie mit Nintedanib ergibt, wenn sie die neu definierten Progressionskriterien erfüllen. Interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen, die keinen progredient fibrosierenden Verlauf nehmen, werden dagegen in der Regel antiinflammatorisch mit unterschiedlichen Medikamenten behandelt.

Abstract

A wide selection of medicinal treatment options are currently available for the treatment of patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD), so that an early and correct diagnosis is of significant importance. Therefore, in the new German guidelines consensus statements on the diagnostics and courses of the various ILDs were formulated, so that the available treatment strategies are used in an optimized way in the appropriate patient populations. In the first part of the guidelines the current state of knowledge and the evidence on idiopathic lung fibrosis (IPF), which is considered to be a model disease for fibrosing ILD, were updated and supplemented by the experiences of experts. The effectiveness of antifibrotic treatment could be confirmed in many new post hoc analyses and long-term data and further strengthened by real-world observations. The treatment with nintedanib and pirfenidone is currently the treatment of choice for patients with IPF. Less clear is the situation with other forms of ILD that have a pronounced inflammatory component and can develop a progressive fibrosing disease course with varying frequencies. Therefore, the second part of the guidelines deals with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (PF-ILD) or synonymously progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF), which give rise to the indications for an antifibrotic treatment with nintedanib, when they fulfil the newly defined criteria for progression. In contrast, ILDs that do not take a progressive fibrosing course are usually treated with various anti-inflammatory drugs.

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Correspondence to Tobias Veit.

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T. Veit und J. Behr erhielten Honorare für die Vorbereitung von wissenschaftlichen Tagungen von Böhringer und Roche.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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U. Costabel, Essen

F. Bonella, Essen

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Veit, T., Behr, J. Interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen und andere progressive pulmonale Fibrosen. Z Pneumologie 20, 333–342 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-023-00525-w

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