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Oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders: a 12-year epidemiological and clinical analysis in a metropolitan region of northeastern Brazil

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Abstract

Aim

To perform an epidemiological and clinical analysis of cases of oral cancer (OC) and potentially malignant disorders (PMDs).

Subjects and methods

This retrospective study was based on the analysis of data from 631 patients who attended a clinic of the Interdisciplinary League of Oral Cancer (LINCCO) of a public university of northeastern Brazil over a time period of 12 years. Sociodemographic, economic, and clinical variables were investigated. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analyses using Poisson regression were performed.

Results

During the analyzed period, 19.3% (n = 122) of cases were related to diagnoses of some type of OC or PMDs. The majority of patients were male (60.7%) and in the fifth (22.0%) or sixth (23.7%) decades of life. The reported smoking and alcohol consumption were 27.0% and 27.9%, respectively. The most prevalent lesions were actinic cheilitis (48.4%) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (23.8%). The most affected anatomical region was the lower lip (45.1%). The prevalence of smoking was higher among those who presented with OC [prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.54–4.24, p < 0.001)] compared to those who presented with a PMD.

Conclusion

Public health managers and the scientific community should continue to direct efforts to raise public awareness about protective and preventive measures for OC and PMDs, including early diagnosis and frequent visits to the dentist. Otherwise, the rates of these injuries may continue to grow exponentially, significantly impacting the health indicators of the population.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dentistry, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Av. das Baraúnas, 351, Bairro Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-500, Brazil

    Bianca Mendes Hóstio, Ítalo de Macedo Bernardino, Jozinete Vieira Pereira, Patrícia Meira Bento & Daliana Queiroga de Castro Gomes

  2. Department of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife, PE, Brazil

    Gustavo Pina Godoy

Authors
  1. Bianca Mendes Hóstio
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  2. Ítalo de Macedo Bernardino
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  3. Jozinete Vieira Pereira
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  4. Patrícia Meira Bento
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  5. Gustavo Pina Godoy
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  6. Daliana Queiroga de Castro Gomes
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Contributions

Bianca M. Hóstio and Ítalo M. Bernardino participated in the acquisition and interpretation of data and in the preparation of the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted. Jozinete V. Pereira, Patrícia M. Bento, Gustavo P. Godoy, and Daliana Q. C. Gomes supervised the study and participated in the conception and design of the method and critical revision of the manuscript for final approval.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daliana Queiroga de Castro Gomes.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was carried out in accordance with national (resolution 466/12 of the National Health Council, CNS in the Portuguese acronym) and international (Declaration of Helsinki) rules governing the ethics of studies involving human subjects and was approved by the Ethics Committee for Research with Humans of the State University of Paraíba (protocol no. 66571517.0.0000.5187). The guidelines outlined in the STROBE statement (STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology) for the design and reporting of observational studies were followed.

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Hóstio, B.M., de Macedo Bernardino, Í., Pereira, J.V. et al. Oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders: a 12-year epidemiological and clinical analysis in a metropolitan region of northeastern Brazil. J Public Health (Berl.) 28, 131–138 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-019-01054-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-019-01054-8

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