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GIST: medikamentöse Therapie

Treatment of extensive disease

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Summary

In locally advanced inoperable patients and metastatic patients imatinib is a standard treatment. Standard dose of imatinib is 400 mg daily. Treatment should be continued indefinitely, since treatment interruption is generally followed by relatively rapid tumor progression in virtually all patients. Dose intensity should be maintained by adequate management of side effects and a correct policy of dose reductions and interruptions in the case of excessive toxicity. The standard approach in the case of tumor progression is to increase the imatinib dose to 800 mg daily with special attention to the occurrence of side effects. Patient non-compliance should be ruled out as a possible cause of tumor progression as well as drug interactions with concomitant medications. In case of progression or intolerance to imatinib standard second-line treatment is sunitinib. The drug was approved effective in terms of progression-free survival according to a 4 weeks on and 2 weeks off regimen. Preliminary data show that a continuous regimen with lower daily dose may be equally effective but possibly better tolerated. After failing on sunitinib, the patient should be considered for participation in a clinical trial of new therapeutic agents or combinations such as tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (e.g., nilotinib), sorafenib, or inhibitors of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)-pathway.

Zusammenfassung

Bei lokal fortgeschrittenen, nicht operablen und metastasierten GIST ist die Standardtherapie Imatinib in einer Dosierung von 400 mg täglich. Die Behandlung sollte unbegrenzt fortgesetzt werden, da die Behandlungsunterbrechung beim Großteil der Patienten von einer raschen Krankheitsprogression begleitet ist. Die Dosisintensität sollte durch adäquates Nebenwirkungsmanegement und korrektes Vorgehen bei Dosisreduktion bzw. Unterbrechung aufgrund erhöhter Toxizität beibehalten werden. Das Standardvorgehen bei Tumorprogression unter 400 mg Imatinib ist die Dosiserhöhung auf 800 mg täglich. Fehlende "Compliance" und Interaktion mit anderen Medikamenten sollten als mögliche Ursachen der Tumorprogression ausgeschlossen werden. Im Falle einer weiteren Progredienz der Erkrankung bzw. Unverträglichkeit gegenüber Imatinib in hoher Dosierung ist Sunitinib das Medikament der Wahl. Sunitinib wurde aufgrund der Verbesserung des progressionsfreien Überlebens (4 Wochen Therapie, 2 Wochen Pause) zur Behandlung des metastasierten GIST zugelassen. Vorläufige Ergebnisse zeigen, dass koninuierlich verabreichtes Sunitinib in niedriger Dosis gleich wirksam, aber deutlich besser verträglich ist. Nach Sunitinib-Versagen sollte der Patient für die Teilnahme an einer klinischen Studie mit neuen Substanzen wie Tyrosin-Kinase-Inhibitioren (z.B. Nilotinib), Sorafenib oder Inhibitoren des mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)-Signalweges berücksichtigt werden.

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Correspondence to Wolfgang Eisterer.

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Ploner, F., Eisterer, W. GIST: medikamentöse Therapie. Wien Med Wochenschr 159, 403–407 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-009-0690-8

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