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Middle Lutetian climate in the Paris Basin: implications for a marine hotspot of paleobiodiversity

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Abstract

The present study reports the evolution of environmental conditions and seawater temperatures during the establishment of a marine hotspot of paleobiodiversity that took place in the Paris Basin during the Lutetian. The stable isotope compositions (δ18O and δ13C) of three species of molluscs (two bivalves: Cubitostrea plicata and Venericardia imbricata, and one gastropod: Sigmesalia multisulcata) collected along the reference section of Grignon (Falunière) are used for paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstructions. Additional high-resolution analyses on one specimen of Haustator imbricatarius allow the documentation of seasonal changes for temperature. The high-resolution profiles of the δ18O signatures of S. multisulcata reveal that these gastropods mineralized their shell during the warm months of the year, as did V. imbricata, which probably had a short life span (less than 1 year). These two species thus only yield temperatures for the summer period, from 22 to 30 °C. The δ18O of C. plicata shells indicate mean annual sea surface temperatures ranging between 15 and 23 °C during the Middle Lutetian, with minimal temperatures probably reflecting greater depth at the base of the section. The seasonal contrasts reconstructed in the upper part of the section, from the large gastropod H. imbricatarius, ranged between 18 and 30 °C. Comparison of the isotopic values of the species indicates that the δ13C of the three taxa seems to be mostly influenced by ecological features, leading to differences between endobenthic (V. imbricata) and epibenthic species (C. plicata); or the food habits. The paleoclimatic reconstructions show that the Lutetian climate was relatively stable in the Paris Basin with long-term cooling of the mean annual sea-surface temperatures. Nevertheless, this study shows that despite a context of colder conditions compared to the Early Eocene, the climate provided a favorable context for the increase of marine biodiversity in the Paris Basin during the Middle Lutetian.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank P. Loubry and C. Lemzaouda (MNHN, Paris), who have taken the photos under UV light, and N. Labourdette for the stable isotopes analyses. This paper is a contribution to the PPF “MNHN Etat et structure phylogénétique de la biodiversité actuelle et fossile” (director: Ph. Janvier). This study was funded by a PhD grant from the French Ministry of Research and Education to Damien Huyghe and by funds from UPMC and CNRS to UMR 7193. We would like to thank the editor F. T. Fürsich, M. Zuschin and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments, and Martin Pickford (Collège de France, Paris) for correcting the English.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UMR 7193, ISTeP, UPMC University of Paris 06, 75005, Paris, France

    Damien Huyghe, Franck Lartaud, Emilie Cheype & Laurent Emmanuel

  2. UMR 7193, ISTeP, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France

    Damien Huyghe, Franck Lartaud, Emilie Cheype & Laurent Emmanuel

  3. Laboratoire des Fluides Complexes et leurs Réservoirs, I.P.R.A., Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, BP 1155, 64013, Pau Cedex, France

    Damien Huyghe

  4. Département Histoire de la Terre, UMR CNRS 7207, CR2P, CP 38, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 8, rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France

    Didier Merle

  5. CNRS FRE 3350, Lab. Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire Océanologique, UPMC University of Paris 06, 66650, Banyuls-sur-mer, France

    Franck Lartaud

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  1. Damien Huyghe
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  2. Didier Merle
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  3. Franck Lartaud
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  4. Emilie Cheype
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  5. Laurent Emmanuel
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Correspondence to Damien Huyghe.

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Huyghe, D., Merle, D., Lartaud, F. et al. Middle Lutetian climate in the Paris Basin: implications for a marine hotspot of paleobiodiversity. Facies 58, 587–604 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-012-0307-3

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