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Comprehensive analyses of the initiation and landslide-generated wave processes of the 24 June 2015 Hongyanzi landslide at the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

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Abstract

Reservoir landslides pose a great threat to shipping safety, human lives and properties, and the operation of the hydropower station. In this paper, the 24 June 2015 Hongyanzi landslide at the Three Gorges Reservoir is considered as an example to study the initiation mechanism and landslide-generated wave process of a reservoir landslide. The finite difference method and limit equilibrium analysis are used to analyze the deformation and failure characteristics of the Hongyanzi slope. Simulation results show that a large deformation (about 358 mm) happens in the shallow deposits under intermittent rainfall condition, and the slope is in a limit state. At the same time, continuous rapid drawdown of the water level (about −0.55 m/day during 8–24 June 2015) reduced the support and accelerated the drainage of the water for the bank slope. A coupling effect of intermittent rainfall and rapid drawdown of the water level was the triggering factor of the 24 June Hongyanzi landslide. Landslide-generated wave process was simulated using a fluid–solid coupling method by integrating the general moving object collision model. Simulation results show that the landslide-generated wave is dominated by the impulse wave, which is generated by sliding masses entering the river with high speed. The maximum wave height is about 5.90 m, and the wave would decay gradually as it spreads because of friction and energy dissipation. To prevent reservoir landslides, the speed for the rising or drawdown of the water level should be controlled, and most importantly, rapid drawdown should be avoided.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41472272 and 41102194) and the Science Foundation for Excellent Youth Scholars of Sichuan University (2013SCU04A07). Critical comments by anonymous reviewers greatly improved the initial manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People’s Republic of China

    Jia-wen Zhou, Fu-gang Xu & Xing-guo Yang

  2. College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People’s Republic of China

    Yu-chuan Yang & Peng-yuan Lu

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  1. Jia-wen Zhou
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  2. Fu-gang Xu
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  3. Xing-guo Yang
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  4. Yu-chuan Yang
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Correspondence to Jia-wen Zhou.

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Zhou, Jw., Xu, Fg., Yang, Xg. et al. Comprehensive analyses of the initiation and landslide-generated wave processes of the 24 June 2015 Hongyanzi landslide at the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Landslides 13, 589–601 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-016-0704-8

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