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Untersuchungen zur Befallsentwicklung und Ertragswirkung der Dürrfleckenkrankheit (Alternaria spp.) in Kartoffelsorten unterschiedlicher Reifegruppe

Investigations on disease development and yield loss of early blight in potato cultivars of different maturity groups

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Zusammenfassung

Seit einigen Jahren tritt die Alternaria-Dürrfleckenkrankheit in unseren Breiten als ertragsrelevante Krankheit im Kartoffelbau auf. Die Berücksichtigung diverser Einflussfaktoren wie Witterung und Düngung, die Anwendung potenter Wirkstoffe sowie der Anbau toleranter Sorten stellen wesentliche Bestandteile einer integrierten Bekämpfungsstrategie gegen die Dürrfleckenkrankheit dar. Bisher wurden für in Deutschland zugelassene Kartoffelsorten nur wenig grundlegende Daten zur Anfälligkeit sowie zum Ertragseinfluss der Dürrfleckenkrankheit erhoben. Auf der Basis von mehrjährigen Freilandversuchen wurde die Befallsentwicklung der Dürrfleckenkrankheit in Sorten verschiedener Reifegruppen erhoben. Die Intensität der Befallszunahme äußerte sich in Sorten des frühen Reifesortiments deutlich ausgeprägter. Im Gegensatz dazu war der Epidemiebeginn bei mittelfrühen und späten Sorten zeitlich verzögert. Stärkere Ertragsverluste waren v. a. für Sorten des mittelfrühen bzw. späten Reifesortiments festzustellen. Die Relevanz der Dauer und des Ausmaßes der Schädigung des Blattapparates für den Knollenertrag wird diskutiert.

Abstract

Early blight is a major disease of potatoes which has established in most potato growing areas as a destructive disease. The integration of several factors like weather conditions, nutrition, the use of potent fungicides as well as the cultivation of tolerant varieties are essential parts of an integrated control strategy and can be effective in preventing early blight disease. Cultivar resistance to early blight disease has become more important due to losses in fungicide sensitivity. Nevertheless, little research has been directed towards this area. Several, perennial field trials were carried out in order to investigate disease susceptibility for varieties out of different maturity groups. Early maturing varieties have shown to be more susceptible. The disease intensity (AUDPC) was much more expressed in early varieties contrary to medium and late maturing varieties. However, a stronger impact on potato yield has been found in the medium to late maturing varieties. We discuss the relevance of time and amount of leaf damage for formation of tuber yield.

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Correspondence to Jürgen H. Leiminger.

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Leiminger, J., Hausladen, H. Untersuchungen zur Befallsentwicklung und Ertragswirkung der Dürrfleckenkrankheit (Alternaria spp.) in Kartoffelsorten unterschiedlicher Reifegruppe. Gesunde Pflanzen 66, 29–36 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-014-0314-0

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