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The impact of road disturbance on vegetation and soil properties in a beech stand, Hyrcanian forest

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Abstract

The ‘road-effect zone’ is a concept developed to describe the impact of road construction on the surrounding area. Although many aspects of the road-effect zone have been investigated, the road-effect zone on soil properties (pH, bulk density, soil moisture, electrical conductivity, organic matter (%), C (%), total N (%), available Na, Ca, Mg, P, and K), light regimes (leaf area index and canopy cover), and a Raunkiaer’s life-form classification of plants remains poorly understood, especially in oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) forests. Hence, the main aims of this research were to estimate the extent of the road-effect zone and to identify the main environmental changes due to forest roads. Specifically, we aimed to evaluate road-effects on: (1) the composition of herbaceous species and tree regeneration (up to 100 m distance from the forest road); (2) the light regime; and (3) soil properties, potentially related to changes in ecosystem functions and composition. We observed that forest roads can have significant impacts on soil, stand characteristics, and vegetation composition. The estimated road-effect zone extended up to 30 m from the road edge. Landscape planners should be aware that road-effect zones can potentially influence the ecology and environmental conditions of an area up to 30 m from the road edge.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the staff in Kheyrud’s Forest Station for assistance in the field (in alphabetical order: Rahmatollah Qomi and Habib Zalnezhad). The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that improved the quality of this paper.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

    Azade Deljouei, Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi & Ehsan Abdi

  2. Department of Agronomy, Forestry, and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Bern, Switzerland

    Azade Deljouei

  3. Department of Water Resources, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

    Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi

  4. Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany

    Markus Bernhardt-Römermann

  5. Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA

    Emily Louise Pascoe

  6. Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, USA

    Matteo Marcantonio

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  1. Azade Deljouei
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  2. Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi
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  3. Ehsan Abdi
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  4. Markus Bernhardt-Römermann
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Correspondence to Azade Deljouei.

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Deljouei, A., Sadeghi, S.M.M., Abdi, E. et al. The impact of road disturbance on vegetation and soil properties in a beech stand, Hyrcanian forest. Eur J Forest Res 137, 759–770 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-018-1138-8

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