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Use of a Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Based Methodology Followed by Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Pesticide Multiresidue Determination in Teas

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Abstract

This study reports on the development of a fast and efficient method based on headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) for simultaneous analysis of 128 volatile or semi-volatile pesticide residues belonging to nine classes of pesticides. The important factors related to HS-SPME performance were optimized; these factors include fiber types, water volume, ion strength, extraction temperature, and extraction time. The best extraction conditions include a PDMS/DVB fiber, and analytes were extracted at 90 °C for 60 min from 1 g of tea added to 5 mL of 0.2 g mL−1 NaCl solution. The methodology was validated using tea samples spiked with pesticides at three concentration levels (10, 50, and 100 μg kg−1). In green tea, oolong tea, black tea, and puer tea, 82.8, 88.3, 79.7, and 84.3% of the targeted pesticides meet recoveries ranging from 70 to 120% with a relative standard deviation of ≤ 20%, respectively, when spiked at a level of 10 μg kg−1. Limits of quantification in this method for most of the pesticides were 1 or 5 μg kg−1, which are far below their maximum residue limits prescribed by EU. The optimized method was employed to analyze 30 commercial samples obtained from local markets; 17 pesticide residues were detected at concentrations of 2–452 μg kg−1. Chlorpyrifos was the most detected pesticide in 80% of the samples, and the highest concentration of dicofol (452 μg kg−1) was found in a puer tea. This is the first time to find that the optimized extraction temperature for pesticide residues is 90 °C, which is much higher than other reported HS-SPME extraction conditions in tea samples. This developed method could be used to screen over one hundred volatile or semi-volatile pesticide residues which belong to multiple classes in tea samples, and it is an accurate and reliable technique.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Key Basic Research Program (NO. 2015FY111200) of the Ministry of Science and Technology, P. R. China.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China

    Jianxun Li & Bolun Zhang

  2. Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China

    Jianxun Li, Zijuan Zhang, Bolun Zhang & Chunlin Fan

  3. College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China

    Mengyuan Sun

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  1. Jianxun Li
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  2. Zijuan Zhang
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  3. Mengyuan Sun
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  4. Bolun Zhang
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  5. Chunlin Fan
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Correspondence to Chunlin Fan.

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Li, J., Zhang, Z., Sun, M. et al. Use of a Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction-Based Methodology Followed by Gas Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Pesticide Multiresidue Determination in Teas. Chromatographia 81, 809–821 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-018-3499-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-018-3499-z

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