Abstract
Indoor pollution of air by formaldehyde poses a serious threat to human health because formaldehyde causes illnesses and discomfort even at low levels, thus calling for abatement techniques. Techniques include absorption, physisorption, chemisorption, biological and botanical filtration, photocatalytic decomposition, membrane separation, plasma and catalytic oxidation. Here we review the principles, performances, advantages and disadvantages of these techniques, with focus on catalytic oxidation, adsorption and the use of nanofibrous membranes. Supported noble metal and metal oxide-based materials are efficient catalysts for oxidation. We present photocatalytic oxidation under UV, visible and solar light using composites. Chemisorption method is reviewed with focus on amino-containing adsorbents, conditions of temperature and relative humidity and surface properties. Nanofibrous membranes display high density of active sites for pollutant interactions and allow formaldehyde removal without leaching out of catalyst nanoparticles or adsorbents.
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Data availability
Yes, demonstrating absolute data transparency.
Code availability
Not applicable.
Abbreviations
- FTIR:
-
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- ppm:
-
Parts per million
- VOC:
-
Volatile organic compound
- TiO2 :
-
Titanium dioxide
- H2O:
-
Water
- CuO:
-
Copper oxide
- HCHO:
-
Formaldehyde
- Ce2O:
-
Cerium oxide
- CO2 :
-
Carbon dioxide
- ZnO:
-
Zinc oxide
- NOx :
-
Nitrogen oxides
- WO3 :
-
Tungsten trioxide
- Cu-Ce:
-
Copper-Ceria
- ZnS:
-
Zinc sulphide
- N2 :
-
Nitrogen
- Bi:
-
Bismuth
- CdS:
-
Cadmium sulphide
- Ag:
-
Silver
- PbS:
-
Lead sulphide
- h+ :
-
Holes
- NiO:
-
Nickel oxide
- E− :
-
Electrons
- Fe2O3 :
-
Iron(III) oxide
- OH• :
-
Hydroxyl radicals
- SnO2 :
-
Tin oxide
- Fe:
-
Iron:
- MnO2 :
-
Manganese dioxide
- Au:
-
Gold
- O2• − :
-
Superoide radical anion
- C:
-
Carbon
- Mn:
-
Manganese
- S:
-
Sulphur
- Cr:
-
Chromium
- Cu:
-
Copper
- Ru:
-
Ruthenium
- ZIF-8:
-
Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8
- La:
-
Lanthanum
- MIL:
-
Material from Institute Lavoisier
- Pr:
-
Praseodymium
- MgAl2O:
-
Magnesium aluminate
- Pt:
-
Platinum
- MgTiO3 :
-
Magnesium titanate
- NH2 :
-
Amino group
- 2-CEES:
-
2-Chloroethyl ethyl sulphide
- MOF:
-
Metal–organic frameworks
- Cu:
-
Copper
- Ti8O8 :
-
Titanium-based clusters
- Co:
-
Cobalt
- Xe:
-
Xenon
- GHSV:
-
Gas hourly space velocity
- MnCo3 :
-
Manganese carbonate
- MBTH:
-
3-Methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone
- MnO2 :
-
Manganese dioxide
- CoxMn3-xO4 :
-
Cobalt manganese oxide
- rGO/TiO2 :
-
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles immobilized on reduced graphene oxide
- α-MnO2@L-MnO2 :
-
Growth of layered manganese dioxide nanosheets over α-MnO2 nanotubes
- Pt/ZSM-5:
-
Zeolite Socony Mobil-5-supported Platinum
- Bi2O3/TiO2 :
-
Titanium dioxide doped with Bismuth trioxide
- C6H6 :
-
Benzene
- LED:
-
Light-emitting diode
- CH3COOCH2CH3 :
-
Ethyl acetate
- ppbv:
-
Parts per billion volume
- Bi2MoO6 :
-
Bismuth molybdenum oxide
- g-C3N4 :
-
Graphitic carbon nitride
- MnO2-CF:
-
Manganese dioxide/carbon foam composite
- AlOOH:
-
Aluminium oxyhydroxides
- ACS-O:
-
Preoxidized activated carbon spheres
- Ga2O3 :
-
Gallium oxide
- IrxPt1-x/Nb2O5 :
-
Niobium oxide nanoparticle-supported platinum-iridium bimetallic nanocatalysts
- TMSPDETA:
-
N1-(3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyl) diethylenetriamine
- APTES:
-
3-Aminopropyl- triethoxysilane
- MCM-41:
-
Mesoporous Silica—mobil composition of matter No. 41
- AEAPMDMS:
-
G-Aminopropylmethyl dimethoxysilane
- HMDA:
-
Hexamethylene diamine
- SBA-15:
-
Silica mesoporous—Santa barbara amorphous-15
- GC/FID:
-
Gas chromatography–flame ionization detection
- US EPA:
-
United states environmental protection agency
- THF:
-
Tetrahydrofuran
- G-GND/S:
-
Graphene sponge decorated with graphene nanodots
- DMF:
-
Dimethylformamide
- DETA:
-
Diethylenetriamine
- DI:
-
Deionized water
- Si12Mg8O30(OH)4(OH2)4 .8H2O:
-
Sepiolite a hydrated magnesium silicate
- BET:
-
Brunauer–Emmett–TellerDMSO Dimethyl
- PMMA@PDA:
-
Polydopamine-coated polymethyl methacrylate electrospun-fiber
- ppmv:
-
Parts per million by volume
- NH3 :
-
Ammonia
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The authors gratefully acknowledge the support from the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India, to carry out this review work successfully. (Sanction number – 09/468/(0535) 2019 EMR – I).
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Robert, B., Nallathambi, G. Indoor formaldehyde removal by catalytic oxidation, adsorption and nanofibrous membranes: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19, 2551–2579 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01168-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01168-6