Abstract
Nanotechnology research uses specific properties of materials at the nanoscale to develop improved materials, devices, systems and therapeutics. There is a risk of overlapping patent claims and lack of distinction between nano-based and traditional patents due to the interdisciplinary nature of nanotechnology. There is an increasing trend of granted patents. The World Intellectual Property Organization and World Health Organization, regulatory and policy bodies, are working to make a comprehensive property right regulation for nanotechnology products. The USA, the leader of nanotechnology products, has made guidelines to make patent search easier for nano-based products. The European Patent Office has also created a new classification for nano-based inventions. Here we review the status of intellectual property rights protection of nanomaterial, environmental implications and application of nanotechnology in agriculture.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anjali CH, Sharma Y, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N (2012) Neem oil (Azadirachta indica) nanoemlsion—a potent larvicidal agent against Culex quinquefasciatus. Pest Manag Sci 68(2):158–163. doi:10.1002/ps.2233
Aouada FA, de Moura MR (2015) Nanotechnology applied in agriculture: controlled release of agrochemicals. In: Rai M, Ribeiro C, Mattoso L, Duran N (eds) Nanotechnologies in food and agriculture. Springer, Cham, pp 103–118. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14024-7_5
Barpujari I (2010) The patent regime and nanotechnology: issues and challenges. J Intellect Prop Rights 15:206–213
Baruah S, Dutta J (2009) Nanotechnology applications in pollution sensing and degradation in agriculture: a review. Environ Chem Lett 7(3):191–204. doi:10.1007/s10311-009-0228-8
Bhati M, Kumar SR, Bansal P (2015) Nanotechnology application in water sector from the beginning to end of the value chain: an Indian perspective. ISTIP Policy Bulletin No. 6. http://ifwn.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Nanotechnology-Application-in-Water-Sector-NISTADS-report.pdf
Bucheli T (2014) Agricultural applications of nanotechnology. In: Parisi C, Vigani M, RodriguezCerozo E (eds) Proceedings of a workshop on nanotechnology for the agricultural sector: from research to the field, Seville, European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Luxembourg, pp 10–12
Centre for Disease control and Prevention (2016). The National Institute for Occupational safety and Health. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/nanotech/. Accessed on 11 Mar 2017
Chau CF, Wu SH, Yen GC (2007) The development of regulations for food nanotechnology. Trends Food Sci Technol 18(5):269–280. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2007.01.007
Chaudhry Q, Scotter M, Blackburn J, Ross B, Boxall A, Castle L, Aitken R, Watkins R (2008) Applications and implications of nanotechnologies for the food sector. Food Addit Contam Part A 25(3):241–258. doi:10.1080/02652030701744538
Chowdhury P, Khan SA, Dutta P, Mahanta J (2014) Pharmaceutical and biotech product patents in India: doldrums or blissfulness? Nat Biotechnol 32:133–134. doi:10.1038/nbt.280
Chowdhury P, Gogoi M, Das S, Zaman A, Hazarika P, Borchetia S, Bandyopadhyay T (2016) Intellectual property rights regulations for nanotechnology application in agriculture. In: Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Lichtfouse E (eds) Nanoscience in food and agriculture, sustainable agriculture reviews, vol 21. Springer, Berlin, pp 1–25. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39306-3_1
Clarkson G, DeKorte D (2006) The problem of patent thickets in convergent technologies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1093:180–200. doi:10.1196/annals.1382.014
Dasgupta N, Ranjan S, Mundekkad D, Ramalingam C, Shanker R, Kumar A (2015) Nanotechnology in agro-food: from field to plate. Food Res Int 69:381–400
Department of Science and Technology (2016). www.nanomission.gov.in
Echegoyen Y (2015) Nano-developments for food packaging and labeling applications. In: Rai M, Ribeiro C, Mattoso L, Duran N (eds) Nanotechnologies in food and agriculture. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 141–166. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14024-7_7
FAO (1995) Application of risk analysis to food standards issues: report of the joint FAO/WHO expert consultation, Geneva, Switzerland, Ch-5
FAO/WHO (2013) State of the art on the initiatives and activities relevant to risk assessment and risk management of nanotechnologies in the food and agriculture sectors. FAO/WHO technical paper. http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3281e/i3281e.pdf
FSCJ (2010) A Basic survey report on safety assessment and risk management of nanotechnologies in the food and agriculture sectors, conducted by the Toray Research Centre as ‘A Comprehensive study for ensuring food safety under the Cabinet Office Food Safety Commission (FY 2009) for the Food Safety Commission of Japan. http://www.fsc.go.jp/english/survey_programs/use_nanotechnology.pdf
Havas A (2014) Trapped by the high-tech myth: the need and chances for a new policy rationale. In: Hirsch-Kreinsen H, Schwinge I (eds) Knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship in low-tech industries. Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Glos, pp 193–217
Health and Environment Alliance (2011) Nanotechnology and Health Risk. www.env-health.org/IMG/pdf/17Nanotechnology_and_Health_Risk.pdf
Linkov I, Steevens J, Adlakha-Hutcheon G, Bennett E, Chappell M, Colvin V, Davis JM, Davis T, Elder A, Foss Hansen S, Hakkinen PB, Hussain SM, Karkan D, Korenstein R, Lynch I, Metcalfe C, Ramadan AB, Satterstrom FK (2009a) Emerging methods and tools for environmental risk assessment, decision-making, and policy for nanomaterials: summary of NATO Advanced workshop. J Nanopart Res 11(3):513–527. doi:10.1007/s11051-008-9514-9
Linkov I, Steevens J, Chappel M, Tervonen T, Figueira JR, Merad M (2009b) Classifying nanomaterial risks using multi-criteria decision analysis. In: Linkov I, Steevens J (eds) Nanomaterials: risks and benefits. NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 179–191. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9491-0_13
Mc Murray TA, Dunlop PSM, Byrne JA (2006) The photocatalytic degradation of atrazine on nanoparticulate TiO2 films. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 182(1):43–51
Milani N, McLaughlin MJ, Stacey SP, Kirkby JK, Hettiarachchi GM, Beak DG, Cornelis G (2012) Dissolution kinetics of macronutrient fertilizers coated with manufactured zinc oxide nanoparticles. J Agric Food Chem 60:3991–3998. doi:10.1021/jf205191y
Miller G, Senjen R (2008) Out of the laboratory and on to our plates: nanotechnology in food and agriculture. Friends of the Earth Australia, Europe and USA. http://www.denix.osd.mil/cmrmd/upload/Nanotech_Food_Agric.pdf
Miller JC, Serrato R, Represas-Cardenas JM, Kundahl G (2004) The handbook of nanotechnology: business, policy and intellectual property law. Wiley, Hoboken
Momin JK, Joshi BH (2015) Nanotechnology in foods. In: Rai M, Ribeiro C, Mattoso L, Duran N (eds) Nanotechnologies in food and agriculture. Springer, Switzerland, pp 3–24. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-14024-7_1
Montovani E, Porcari A, Morrison MD, Geetsma RE (2012) Development in nanotechnologies regulation and standards 2021-Report of the observatory Nano, Brussels Observatory Nano form. http://www.observatorynano.eu/projectfilesystem/files/observatoryNano_nanotechnologies_RegulationandStandards_2012.pdf
Oberdorster G, Oberdorster E, Oberdorster J (2005) Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles. Environ Health Perspect 113(7):823–839. doi:10.1289/ehp.7339
Özer EA, Özcan M, Didin M (2014) Nanotechnology in food and agriculture industry. In: Malik A, Erginkaya Z, Ahmad S, Erten H (eds) Food processing: strategies for quality assessment. Food engineering series. Springer, New York, pp 477–497. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1378-7_19
Paradise J (2012) Claiming nanotechnology: improving USPTO efforts at classification of emerging nano-enabled pharmaceutical technologies. Northwest J Technol Intellect Prop 10(3):169–208
Parisi C, Vigani M, Rodríguez-Cerezo E (2015) Agricultural nanotechnologies: what are the current possibilities? Nanotoday 10(2):124–127. doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2014.09.009
Park Y (2012) Nano regulation in China, Japan, Korea, USA and EU. http://www.egg2012.de/tl_files/pdf/paper/EGG2012_C6_1_Parkpresentation_slides.pdf
Raimond RR (2008) Ethical considerations regarding the international development and application of nanotechnology and nanoscale materials. In: 37th annual conference on environmental law, Keystone, Colorado
Raliya R, Tarafdar JC, Gulecha K, Choudhury K, Ram R, Mal P, Saran RP (2013) Scope of nanosciences and nanotechnology in agriculture. J Appl Biol Biotechnol 1:41–44
Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Chakraborty AR, Samuel SM, Ramalingam C, Shanker R, Kumar A (2014) Nanoscience and nanotechnologies in food industries: opportunities and research trends. J Nanopart Res 16:2464. doi:10.1007/s11051-014-2464-5
Rauscher H (2014) Role of JRC-IHCP in nanotechnology: overview of policy support activities on nanomaterials safety. In: Proceedings of a workshop on “Nanotechnology for the agricultural sector: from research to the field”. pp 23. https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/sites/default/files/ipts_jrc_89736_(online)__final.pdf
Rico CM, Majumdar S, Duarte-Gardea M, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL (2011) Interaction of nanoparticles with edible plants and their possible implications in the food chain. J Agric Food Chem 59(8):3485–3498. doi:10.1021/jf104517j
Sagadevan S, Periasamy M (2014) Recent trends in nanobiosensors and their applications—a review. Rev Adv Mater Sci 36:62–69
Sastry RK, Rao NH (2013) Emerging technologies for enhancing Indian agriculture-case of nano-biotechnology. Asian Biotechnol Dev Rev 15(1):1–9
Sastry KR, Rashmi HB, Rao NH, Ilyas SM (2009) Nanotechnology and agriculture in India: the second green revolution? In: Invited paper Presented in: Presented in Session IV, OECD Conference on Potential Environmental Benefits of Nanotechnology. Fostering Safe Innovation- Led Growth, OECD Conference Centre, Paris, France
Sastry RK, Rashmi HB, Rao NH, Ilyas SM (2010) Integrating nanotechnology into agri-food systems research in India: a conceptual framework. Technol Forecast Soc Change 77(4):639–648. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2009.11.008
Sekhon BS (2014) Nanotechnology in agri-food production: an overview. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 7:31–53. doi:10.2147/NSA.S39406
Shand H, Wetter KJ (2007) Trends in intellectual property and nanotechnology: implications for the global south. J Intellect Prop Rights 12:111–117
Shrivastava S, Dash D (2009) Agrifood nanotechnology: a tiny revolution in food and agriculture. J Nano Res 6:1–14
Soliman A (2012) The need for stronger nanotechnology regulation., Food Safety News. http://www.foodsafetynews.com/2012/10/why-we-should-have-more-regulations-on-anotechnology/#.VbhnQ3qqo7s
Sweeney AE (2006) Social and ethical dimensions of nanoscale science and engineering research. Sci Eng Ethics 12:435–464
Torney F, Trewyn BG, Lin VSY, Wang K (2007) Mesoporous silica nanoparticles deliver DNA and chemicals into plants. Nat Nanotechnol 2(5):295–300. doi:10.1038/nnano.2007.108
Tullis TK (2012) Current intellectual property issues in nanotechnology. Nanotechnol Rev 1(2):189–205. doi:10.1515/ntrev-2012-0501
USPTO (2014) Performance & accountability report. http://www.uspto.gov/about/stratplan/ar/USPTOFY2014PAR.pdf
Vamvakaki V, Chaniotakis NA (2007) Pesticide detection with a liposome-based nano-biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 22(12):2848–2853
Watson SB, Gergely A, Janus ER (2011) Where is “Agronanotechnology” heading in the United States and European Union? Nat Resour Environ 26(1):8
WPN (2015) Policy environments and governance for innovation and sustainable growth through nanotechnology. DSTI/STP/NANO (2013)13/FINAL. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=DSTI/STP/NANO(2013)13/FINAL&doclanguage=en
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chowdhury, P., Gogoi, M., Borchetia, S. et al. Nanotechnology applications and intellectual property rights in agriculture. Environ Chem Lett 15, 413–419 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0632-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0632-4