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Presence of a basic secretory protein in xylem sap and shoots of poplar in winter and its physicochemical activities against winter environmental conditions

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Abstract

XSP25, previously shown to be the most abundant hydrophilic protein in xylem sap of Populus nigra in winter, belongs to a secretory protein family in which the arrangement of basic and acidic amino acids is conserved between dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous species. Its gene expression was observed at the same level in roots and shoots under long-day conditions, but highly induced under short-day conditions and at low temperatures in roots, especially in endodermis and xylem parenchyma in the root hair region of Populus trichocarpa, and its protein level was high in dormant buds, but not in roots or branches. Addition of recombinant PtXSP25 protein mitigated the denaturation of lactate dehydrogenase by drying, but showed only a slight effect on that caused by freeze–thaw cycling. Recombinant PtXSP25 protein also showed ice recrystallization inhibition activity to reduce the size of ice crystals, but had no antifreezing activity. We suggest that PtXSP25 protein produced in shoots and/or in roots under short-day conditions and at non-freezing low temperatures followed by translocation via xylem sap to shoot apoplast may protect the integrity of the plasma membrane and cell wall functions from freezing and drying damage in winter environmental conditions.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

AFP:

Antifreeze protein

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

BSP:

Basic secretory protein

GLP:

Germin-like protein

IRI:

Ice recrystallization inhibition

LD:

Long-day

LDH:

Lactate dehydrogenase

LT:

Non-freezing low temperature

qRT-PCR:

Real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction

SD:

Short-day

SDS:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate

XSP:

Xylem sap protein

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Acknowledgements

We thank Drs. Misato Ohtani and Taku Demura of the Nara Institute of Science and Technology for their help regarding aseptic culture and genetic transformation of poplar. This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) and for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (24114006) to S.S.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan

    Tsutomu Aohara, Jun Furukawa, Kenji Miura & Shinobu Satoh

  2. Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-17-2-1 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira, Sapporo, 062-8517, Japan

    Sakae Tsuda

  3. Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, D’Iorio Hall, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada

    Jessica S. Poisson & Robert N. Ben

  4. School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia

    Peter W. Wilson

Authors
  1. Tsutomu Aohara
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  2. Jun Furukawa
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  3. Kenji Miura
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  4. Sakae Tsuda
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  5. Jessica S. Poisson
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  6. Robert N. Ben
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  8. Shinobu Satoh
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Correspondence to Shinobu Satoh.

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Aohara, T., Furukawa, J., Miura, K. et al. Presence of a basic secretory protein in xylem sap and shoots of poplar in winter and its physicochemical activities against winter environmental conditions. J Plant Res 132, 655–665 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-019-01123-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-019-01123-9

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