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Severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with high systemic levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and low serum interleukin 10 in morbidly obese patients

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Abstract

Morbid obesity has been shown to increase the risk to develop hepatic steatosis, also referred to as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Emerging evidence suggests that the severity of NAFLD may associate with increased serum levels of inflammatory markers as well as decreased concentration of mediators with anti-inflammatory actions, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL) 10, respectively. We thus examined the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10 in 102 morbidly obese women and men (body mass index > 40 kg/m2), exhibiting different grades of NAFLD. Blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoproteins, parameters of liver function, TNF-α, and IL-10 were measured in each subject. The stage of NAFLD was estimated by abdominal ultrasound imaging. In comparison with morbidly obese subjects without steatosis, morbidly obese patients with NAFLD showed increased age (39.23 ± 9.80 years), HOMA-IR (6.74 ± 1.62), total cholesterol (219.7 ± 9.58 mg/dl), aspartate aminotransferase (36.25 ± 3.24 UI/l), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (37.12 ± 3.41 UI/l), and TNF-α (37.41 ± 1.72 pg/ml) as well as decreased serum levels of IL-10 (61.05 ± 2.43 pg/ml). Interestingly, the systemic levels of TNF-α increased, while IL-10 decreased in accordance with the severity of NAFLD, which supports a role for systemic inflammatory mediators in promoting steatosis progression. Further clinical prospective studies need to be addressed to elucidate the role of TNF-α and IL-10 in the development of NAFLD while also establishing their clinical utility in the assessment of morbidly obese patients at higher risk to develop severe steatosis.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grant no. CB-2009-01-129316 from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACYT) to G. Escobedo and is part of the requirements to obtain the Specialty in Internal Medicine of G. Paredes-Turrubiarte in the Programa de Especializaciones Médicas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its latter amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, 06720, Mexico, D.F., Mexico

    Gabriela Paredes-Turrubiarte & Antonio González-Chávez

  2. Unit of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Mexico, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, 06720, Mexico, D.F., Mexico

    Ruy Pérez-Tamayo, Beatriz Y. Salazar-Vázquez & Galileo Escobedo

  3. Departament of Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Mexico, 04510, Mexico, D.F., Mexico

    Vito S. Hernández

  4. Department of Human Genetics, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, 06720, Mexico, D.F., Mexico

    Nayeli Garibay-Nieto

  5. Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Cardiology “Ignacio Chávez”, 14080, Mexico, D.F., Mexico

    José Manuel Fragoso

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  1. Gabriela Paredes-Turrubiarte
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Paredes-Turrubiarte, G., González-Chávez, A., Pérez-Tamayo, R. et al. Severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with high systemic levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and low serum interleukin 10 in morbidly obese patients. Clin Exp Med 16, 193–202 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-015-0347-4

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