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Influence of the biomechanical environment on the femoral stem insertion and vibrational behavior: a 3-D finite element study

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Abstract

The long-term success of cementless surgery strongly depends on the implant primary stability. The femoral stem initial fixation relies on multiple geometrical and material factors, but their influence on the biomechanical phenomena occurring during the implant insertion is still poorly understood, as they are difficult to quantify in vivo. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between the resonance frequencies of the bone–implant–ancillary system and the stability of the femoral stem under various biomechanical environments. The interference fit IF, the trabecular bone Young’s modulus \(E_t\) and the bone–implant contact friction coefficient \(\mu\) are varied to investigate their influence on the implant insertion phenomena and on the system vibration behavior. The results exhibit for all the configurations, a nonlinear increase in the bone–implant contact throughout femoral stem insertion, until the proximal contact is reached. While the pull-out force increases with \(E_t\), IF and \(\mu\), the bone–implant contact ratio decreases, which shows that a compromise on the set of parameters could be found in order to achieve the largest bone–implant contact while maintaining sufficient pull-out force. The modal analysis on the range [2-7] kHz shows that the resonance frequencies of the bone–implant–ancillary system increase with the bone–implant contact ratio and the trabecular bone Young’s modulus, with a sensitivity that varies over the modes. Both the pull-out forces and the vibration behavior are consistent with previous experimental studies. This study demonstrates the potential of using vibration methods to guide the surgeons for optimizing implant stability in various patients and surgical configurations.

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The data that support the findings within this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Victor Housset for his feedback on the finite element model’s geometry on the strength of its expertise as orthopedic surgeon.

Funding

This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No 682001, project ERC Consolidator Grant 2015 BoneImplant), from the project OrthAncil (ANR-21-CE19-0035-03) and from the project OrthoMat (ANR-21-CE17-0004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CNRS, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Gustave Eiffel, UMR 8208, MSME, F-94010, Créteil, France

    Anne-Sophie Poudrel & Guillaume Haiat

  2. Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, UMR 8208, MSME, F-94010, Créteil, France

    Vu-Hieu Nguyen & Giuseppe Rosi

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  1. Anne-Sophie Poudrel
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  4. Guillaume Haiat
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GH, V-HN and GR conceived the study and were in charge of overall direction and planning. A-SP, and V-HN designed the model and the computational framework. A-SP performed the calculations. All authors participated to the analysis of the data. A-SP wrote the main manuscript text with inputs from all authors. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Guillaume Haiat.

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Poudrel, AS., Nguyen, VH., Rosi, G. et al. Influence of the biomechanical environment on the femoral stem insertion and vibrational behavior: a 3-D finite element study. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 22, 611–628 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-022-01667-1

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