Abstract
Protection of natural water and cultivated crops from contamination in mining-affected areas is a problem in many regions. Wastewater and waste residuals from the Shimen realgar mine in Hunan Province, China, pose a high risk of arsenic (As) poisoning. The potassium silicate (PS)-assisted mechanisms of As mobility and accumulation reduction in a paddy soil–plant system were investigated. In a vegetation experiment, rice was grown in moderately and highly As-polluted soil (30.6 and 66.9 mg kg−1 of As, correspondingly) with and without PS. Total As and silicon (Si) in roots, shoots, and grains and the forms of As in the grains were analyzed. Sequential extraction of the As in the soil showed that the PS significantly reduced the mobility of As in the soil and its accumulation by rice. Several PS-mediated mechanisms were discussed: (1) dissolution of PS monosilicic acid enhances the sorption capacity of Si-based minerals for As; (2) increased pH in the soil solution provides higher As sorption by soil; (3) Si-induced competitive inhibition of As(III) transport initiated by Lsi1 and Lsi2. The results indicate the potential of using soluble Si to reduce As mobility and biotoxicity at sites with high levels of As in wastewater, tailings, and waste residuals.
Zusammenfassung
Der Schutz von natürlichen Wasserressourcen und von Kulturpflanzen vor Kontaminationen ist in vielen bergbaubeeinflussten Gebieten ein Problem. Bergbauabfälle und -abwässer aus der Shimen-Realgar-Mine in der chinesischen Provinz Hunan weisen ein hohes toxisches Risikopotenzial bzgl. Arsen (As) auf. In dieser Studie wurden die durch Kaliumsilicat (PS) unterstützten Mechanismen der As-Mobilität und Akkumulationsreduktion in einem Nassreis-Kulturpflanzen-System untersucht. In Vegetationsexperimenten wurde Reis auf mäßig sowie stark As-belastetem Boden (entsprechend 30,6 und 66,9 mg kg-1 As) mit und ohne PS angebaut. Die gesamte As- und Silizium- (Si) Verteilung in Wurzeln, Sprossen und Körnern sowie die As-Speziation in den Körnern wurde analysiert. Eine sequentielle Extraktion von As im Boden zeigte, dass PS die Mobilität von As im Boden und die Anreicherung in der Reispflanze signifikant verringerte. Verschiedene PS-induzierte Mechanismen sind vermutlich dafür verantwortlich: (1) Die Auflösung von PS-Monokieselsäure erhöht die Sorptionskapazität von Si-haltigen Mineralien für As; (2) Erhöhte pH-Werte in der Bodenlösung bedingen eine höhere As-Sorption im Boden; (3) Eine Si-induzierte kompetitive Hemmung des durch Lsi1 und Lsi2 ausgelösten As (III) -Transports. Die Ergebnisse zeigen das Potenzial von löslichem Si zur Verringerung der As-Mobilität und der Biotoxizität an Standorten mit hohen As-Gehalten in Bergbauabwässern, Tailings und Abfallrückständen.
Resumen
La protección del agua natural y los cultivos de la contaminación en las áreas afectadas por la minería es un problema en muchas regiones. Las aguas residuales y los residuos de la mina de rejalgar Shimen, en la provincia de Hunan, China, representan un alto riesgo de envenenamiento por arsénico (As). Se investigaron los mecanismos asistidos por el silicato de potasio (PS) de la movilidad del As y la reducción de la acumulación en un sistema de suelo-planta de arroz. En un experimento de vegetación, el arroz se cultivó en un suelo moderadamente y altamente contaminado con As (30,6 y 66,9 mg kg-1 de As, respectivamente) con y sin PS. Se analizaron el As total y el silicio (Si) en raíces, brotes y granos y las formas químicas de As en los granos. La extracción secuencial del As en el suelo mostró que el PS redujo significativamente la movilidad del As en el suelo y su acumulación por el arroz. Se discutieron varios mecanismos mediados por PS: (1) la disolución del ácido monosilícico PS aumenta la capacidad de sorción de los minerales a base de Si para As; (2) el aumento del pH en la solución del suelo proporciona una mayor sorción de As por el suelo; (3) inhibición competitiva inducida por Si del transporte de As (III) iniciado por Lsi1 y Lsi2. Los resultados indican el potencial del uso de Si soluble para reducir la movilidad y biotoxicidad de As en sitios con altos niveles de As en aguas residuales, relaves y residuos.
抽象
保护天然水和农作免受矿区污染是许多地区面临的难题。湖南石门雄黄矿的废水和固废具有高砷毒性风险。研究了硅酸钾(PS)改变水稻-土壤-植物系统砷迁移特性和减少砷积累的机理。在种植试验中,将水稻分别种植于含和不含硅酸钾(PS)的中度和高度污染土壤(30.6和66.9mg/ kg的砷)。分析了根、芽、稻粒的总砷和硅,研究了稻粒中砷的形态。土壤的砷顺序提取试验表明,硅酸钾(PS)显著降低了砷在土壤中的迁移及水稻中的积累。讨论了硅酸钾(PS)的作用机理:(1)硅酸钾(PS)的单硅酸溶解性提高了含硅矿物的砷吸附能力;(2)升高的土壤溶液pH值增强了土壤的砷吸附性;(3)Lsi1和Lsi2形成了硅对砷的诱发竞争性砷(III)迁移抑制作用。结果表明,可溶性Si可降低了废水、尾矿和废渣等含高砷场地的砷迁移和生物毒性
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Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grants 2016YFD0800705 and 2017YFD0801504), the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant JJ20166066) and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of RF, theme AAAA-A17-117030 110137-5 and AAAA-A17-117030110139-9.
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Peng, H., Ji, X., Jian, Z. et al. Effect of Si on As Speciation and Distribution in Rice near the Shimen Realgar Mine. Mine Water Environ 38, 808–816 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-019-00625-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-019-00625-1