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Analysis and Construction Techniques for a Water Seal for Underground Mines Subjected to Water Inrush

Analyse und Konstruktionstechniken einer Wassersperre für von Wassereinbrüchen gefährdete Untertagebergbaue

Técnicas de análisis y construcción de un reservorio de agua para minas subterráneas sujeto a irrupción de agua

受突水威胁矿井井下水闸墙分析与设计

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Abstract

A case history is presented for a reinforced concrete water seal constructed to resist high-pressure water inflows in a deep coal mine in China. A 3-D numerical model of the structure, developed using FLAC3D, provided a better understanding of the distribution of stresses and displacements and the extent of plastic zones in the rock surrounding the water seal structure. The modeling showed that about 80 % of the total stress caused by the water pressure acted on the water side of the first tapered plug and that the magnitude of the total stress caused by the water pressure gradually decreases along the axial direction of the chamber behind the seal. Based on the modeling, a full-face curtain grouting scheme was proposed to improve the effectiveness of the reinforced concrete water seal. To assess the proposed grouting scheme, an area behind the seal was filled with water and the stability of the surrounding rock was monitored. The conclusions regarding the effectiveness of the grouting and water seal construction techniques may provide valuable guidance for the construction of other water seals.

Zusammenfassung

Es wird eine Fallstudie vorgestellt, in welcher eine Wassersperre aus armiertem Beton gebaut wurde, welche unter hohem Druck in eine tiefe Kohlenmine in China zufließenden Wässern widerstehen sollte. Ein mittels FLAC3D erstelltes räumliches numerisches Modell half, die Verteilung von Spannungen, Verformungen und plastischen Zonen in der das Sperrbauwerk umgebenden Felsmasse besser zu verstehen. Die Modellierung zeigte, daß etwa 80 % der aus dem Wasserdruck resultierenden totalen Spannung wasserseitig auf den konischen Verschlußstopfen einwirkten, und daß die Größe der durch den Wasserdruck aufgebrachten Gesamtspannung parallel zur axialen Richtung der Kammer hinter dem Propfen allmählich absinkt. Auf Grund der Modellierung wurde ein räumliches Injektionsschema vorgeschlagen, um die Wirkamkeit der Wassersperre aus bewehrtem Beton zu erhöhen. Um das Injektionsschema zu bewerten, wurde ein Bereich hinter der Sperre mit Wasser gefüllt und die Stabilität des umgebenden Gebirges überwacht. Folgerungen in Bezug auf die Wirksamkeit der Injektions- und Wassersperrkonstruktionstechniken können wertvolle Leitlinien für den Bau anderer Wassersperren darstellen.

Resumen

Se analiza un caso para el reforzamiento de concreto en un sello para agua construido para resistir influjos de agua a alta presión en una mina profunda de carbón en China. Un modelo numérico 3-D de la estructura, desarrollado usando FLAC3D, proveyó una mejor comprensión de la distribución de estreses y desplazamientos y la extensión de zonas plásticas en la roca alrededor de la estructura que sella el agua. El modelado mostró que aproximadamente el 80 % del estrés total causado por la presión del agua actuó sobre el lado del agua del tapón cónico y que la magnitud del estrés total causado por la presión del agua desciende gradualmente a lo largo de la dirección axial de la cámara al lado del sello. Basado en el modelado, se propuso un esquema de cobertura de toda la cara con lechada de cemento para mejorar la eficiencia del refuerzo de concreto para el sello de agua. Para analizar el esquema propuesto, un área al lado del sello fue llenada con agua y se analizó la estabilidad de la roca circundante. Las conclusiones respecto de la efectividad del procedimiento y de las técnicas de construcción de sellos para el agua pueden proveer una guía valiosa para la construcción de otros sellos similares.

摘要

介绍了中国某深部开采煤矿用钢筋混凝水闸墙抵抗高压突水的案例。利用FLAC3D建立水闸墙3-D结构模型,以分析水闸墙周围岩石的应力与位移分布及塑性区范围。模拟结果显示,由水压引起的总应力的80 %作用在第一个锥形塞的迎水边,并且水压引起的总应力沿水闸墙室轴向方向逐渐降低。基于模拟结果,提出了钢筋混凝水闸墙的全断面帷幕灌浆方案。为了评价注浆方案合理性,水闸墙后一定范围充水并监测围岩稳定性。注浆效果分析及水闸墙设计方法等对其它类型水闸建造具有借鉴和指导意义。

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51408338), the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. ZR2014EEQ 009), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Special Funded Project (No. 2014T70641), the State Key Development Program for Basic Research Program of China (No. 2013CB036000), the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51139004), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51479106). The authors also thank the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that improved the quality of the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center of Geotechnical and Structural Engineering (GSE), Shandong University, Jinan, China

    Shu-cai Li, Fei Xu, Qian-qing Zhang, Li-ping Li & Hong-liang Liu

  2. Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China

    Li-ping Li

  3. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China

    Wei-ming Wang

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  1. Shu-cai Li
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  2. Fei Xu
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  3. Qian-qing Zhang
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  4. Li-ping Li
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qian-qing Zhang.

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Supplemental Figure 1

Location of the Xinyang coal mine (PDF 16 kb)

Appendix

Appendix

According to the Chinese code for design of a waterproof coal pillar (Coal Industrial Ministry of People's Republic of China 1984), the required width of a protective coal pillar can be obtained from:

$$ L = 0.5KM\sqrt {\frac{3P}{{K_{p} }}} $$

where L is the minimum width of the waterproof coal pillar (m), K is the security coefficient (value ranges from 2 to 5), M is the coal thickness or the mining height (m), P is the hydrostatic water pressure (MPa), and K p is the tensile strength of the coal (MPa).

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Li, Sc., Xu, F., Zhang, Qq. et al. Analysis and Construction Techniques for a Water Seal for Underground Mines Subjected to Water Inrush. Mine Water Environ 35, 168–179 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-015-0359-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-015-0359-z

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