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A review on recent trends in solidification and stabilization techniques for heavy metal immobilization

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Abstract

For environmental protection, safe disposal of toxic pollutants such as heavy metal is very important since they are regarded as hazardous waste. Several techniques such as cementitious, biological and thermal treatments are effectively used for immobilization of heavy metals into solid matrix. Using these techniques heavy metal could be solidified and stabilized in the dense and durable solid matrices ready for disposal into hazardous landfill sites. The heavy metal immobilization into solid matrix reduces its permeability significantly thereby restricting its release into environment. The detailed mechanism of the methods used for immobilization of heavy metals is discussed in this paper. Furthermore, the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques involved in immobilization of heavy metals is also reviewed in detail.

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Acknowledgements

This work was conducted while Ms. Shivani Tyagi was working as a doctoral candidate at IIT Mandi. It is gratefully acknowledged that this work was undertaken through the scholarship funded by Ministry of Human Resource and Development (MHRD), Government of India (GoI).

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    Shivani Tyagi & Ajit P. Annachhatre

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Tyagi, S., Annachhatre, A.P. A review on recent trends in solidification and stabilization techniques for heavy metal immobilization. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 25, 733–757 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-022-01583-7

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