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Locus Mapping, Molecular Cloning, and Expression Analysis of rps6kb2, a Novel Metamorphosis-Related Gene in Chinese Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis)

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Abstract

Flatfish metamorphosis denotes the extraordinary transformation of a symmetric pelagic larva into an asymmetric benthic juvenile. This unique process involves eye migration, a 90° rotation in posture, and asymmetrical pigmentation for adaptation to a benthic lifestyle. In the present study, we used genetics to map a metamorphosis-related locus (q-10M) in the male linkage group (LG10M), a small interval of 0.9 cM corresponding to a 1.8 M-bp physical area in chromosome 9 in the Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Combined with single-marker analysis, ribosomal protein S6 kinase 2 (rps6kb2) a member of the family of AGC kinases was identified as a novel metamorphosis-related candidate gene. Its expression pattern during metamorphosis was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and whole-mount in situ hybridization analysis. rps6kb2 gene was significantly expressed in metamorphic climax stage larvae and distributed in all the tissues transforming during metamorphosis, including tail, jaw, eye and skin of larvae. The results suggest that rps6kb2 has a general role in tissue transformations during flatfish metamorphosis including tail changes, skull remodeling, eye migration, and asymmetrical pigmentation.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (31530078, 31461163005, 31472273), Taishan Scholar Climbing Project Fund of Shandong of China, the Special Scientific Research Funds for Central Non-profit Institutes, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, and International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP at King Saud University for funding this research work through ISPP No. 0050.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China

    Yang Liu, Min Wei, Fazhen Zhao & Songlin Chen

  2. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Yang Liu, Min Wei, Hua Guo, Changwei Shao, Liang Meng, Wenteng Xu, Na Wang, Lei Wang, Zhongkai Cui, Yingming Yang, Yangzhen Li, Fazhen Zhao & Songlin Chen

  3. Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China

    Yang Liu, Min Wei, Hua Guo, Changwei Shao, Liang Meng, Wenteng Xu, Na Wang, Lei Wang, Zhongkai Cui, Yingming Yang, Yangzhen Li, Fazhen Zhao & Songlin Chen

  4. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Hua Guo, Deborah M Power & Zhongkai Cui

  5. Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, 066100, China

    Jilun Hou

  6. Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia

    Shahid Mahboob

  7. Department of Zoology, GC University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Shahid Mahboob

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  1. Yang Liu
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  2. Min Wei
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  3. Hua Guo
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  4. Changwei Shao
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  9. Deborah M Power
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  10. Jilun Hou
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  13. Yingming Yang
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  14. Yangzhen Li
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  15. Fazhen Zhao
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  16. Songlin Chen
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Contributions

SC conceived the research; YL, MW, HG, CS, LM, and YL performed the experiments; NW, LW, JH, ZC, YY, and FZ shared regents; YL, MW, DP, and SM analyzed the data; YL, MW, and HG wrote the paper. All the authors reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Songlin Chen.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Yang Liu and Min Wei contributed equally to this paper.

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Liu, Y., Wei, M., Guo, H. et al. Locus Mapping, Molecular Cloning, and Expression Analysis of rps6kb2, a Novel Metamorphosis-Related Gene in Chinese Tongue Sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). Mar Biotechnol 19, 497–516 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-017-9769-1

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