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Functional Divergences of GAPDH Isoforms During Early Development in Two Perciform Fish Species

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Abstract

Glyceraldehyde-3-phospate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is involved in basic cell catabolic processes and, as it is thought to be continuously expressed, belongs to the group of housekeeping genes. Thus, it is frequently used as an internal control in quantitative gene expression studies. However, the evidence of different expression patterns in a broad range of organisms and tissues, as well as the occurrence of different isoforms, shows that GAPDH has to be reevaluated as an internal control in qPCR studies, and its annotation has to be enriched. GAPDH has been shown to be involved in the pathway of energy and carbon molecule supply as well as in transcription and apoptosis. In the present study, we isolated the two isoforms, GAPDH-1 and GAPDH-2, of the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). We inferred the phylogenetic relationships to ten other fish species and gave the gene structure of both genes. We further investigated gene expression analysis in both species for different developmental stages showing divergent gene expression of the two isoforms and the possible function of GAPDH-1 as a maternal gene.

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Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank Dr. Richard Reinhard and Dr. Heiner Kuhl for access to the European Sea bass Genome Assemble database. The authors also thank Dr. Tsigenopoulos from the Institute of Marine Biology and Genetics, Dr. Constaninos Mylonas, Dr. Stavros Chatzifotiou, and Dr.Nikolas Papandroulaki from the Institute of Aquaculture for providing part of the European Sea bass larvae as well as the aquaculture facilities of Kastelorizo AE in Sitia, Crete for providing the possibility for egg and larvae sampling of gilthead sea bream.

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  1. Institute of Marine Biology and Genetics (I.M.B.G.), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research Crete, Gournes Pediados, P.O. Box 2214, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece

    Elena Sarropoulou, Dimitra Nousdili, Georgios Kotoulas & Antonios Magoulas

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  1. Elena Sarropoulou
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  2. Dimitra Nousdili
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  3. Georgios Kotoulas
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  4. Antonios Magoulas
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Correspondence to Elena Sarropoulou.

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Sarropoulou, E., Nousdili, D., Kotoulas, G. et al. Functional Divergences of GAPDH Isoforms During Early Development in Two Perciform Fish Species. Mar Biotechnol 13, 1115–1124 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-011-9375-6

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