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Fungal glycosyl hydrolases for sustainable plant biomass valorization: Talaromyces amestolkiae as a model fungus

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Abstract

As the main decomposers and recyclers in nature, fungi secrete complex mixtures of extracellular enzymes for degradation of plant biomass, which is essential for mobilization of the organic carbon fixed by the photosynthesis in vegetal cells. Biotechnology can emulate the closed natural biological cycles, using lignocellulosic biomass as a renewable resource and lignocellulolytic fungal enzymes as catalysts to sustainably produce consumer goods. Cellulose and hemicellulose are the major polysaccharides on Earth, and the main enzymes involved in their hydrolytic depolymerization are cellulases (endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases, and β-glucosidases) and hemicellulases (mainly endoxylanases and β-xylosidases). This work will focus on the enzymes secreted by the filamentous ascomycete Talaromyces amestolkiae and on some of their biotechnological applications. Their excellent hydrolytic activity was demonstrated by the partial degradation of xylans to prebiotic oligosaccharides by the endoxylanase XynN, or by the saccharification of lignocellulosic wastes to monosaccharides (fermentable to ethanol) either by the whole secretomes or by isolated enzymes used as supplements of commercial cocktails. However, apart from their expected hydrolytic activity, some of the β-glycosidases produced by this strain catalyze the transfer of a sugar molecule to specific aglycons by transglycosylation. As the synthesis of customized glycoconjugates is a major goal for biocatalysis, mutant variants of the β-xyloxidase BxTW1 and the ß-glucosidases BGL-1 and BGL-2 were obtained by directed mutagenesis, substantially improving the regioselective production yields of bioactive glycosides since they showed reduced or null hydrolytic activity.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Gas Chromatography and Proteomics and Genomics Services of the Margarita Salas Biological Research Center (CIB-CSIC) for their help, and the collaborators who have made this work possible. In addition, we are grateful to J. Gil-Muñoz for his contribution at the initial stages of this work. The authors thank the SusPlast-CSIC Interdisciplinary Platform for their support.

Funding

This work was funded by projects GLYSUS RTI2018-093683-B-I00 (MICIU/AEI/FEDER) and RETOPROSOST-2-CM, S2018/EMT-4459 (Comunidad de Madrid). Preliminary investigations were funded by MINECO or Comunidad de Madrid in collaboration with Abengoa Research and Bioenergy.

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  1. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), C/ Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28022, Madrid, Spain

    Alicia Prieto, Laura de Eugenio, Juan A. Méndez-Líter, Manuel Nieto-Domínguez, Carlos Murgiondo, Jorge Barriuso, Lara Bejarano-Muñoz & María Jesús Martínez

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  1. Alicia Prieto
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  2. Laura de Eugenio
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Contributions

A.P and M.J.M. conceived and designed the studies. L.E, M.N., J.M, CM. L.B. studied the enzymes and acquired the data. All authors contributed to draft the manuscript and A.P. and M.J.M substantially reviewed it.

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Correspondence to Alicia Prieto or María Jesús Martínez.

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Prieto, A., de Eugenio, L., Méndez-Líter, J.A. et al. Fungal glycosyl hydrolases for sustainable plant biomass valorization: Talaromyces amestolkiae as a model fungus. Int Microbiol 24, 545–558 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-021-00202-z

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