Abstract
This paper discusses whether existing coastal risk reduction policies in French Polynesia—a French Overseas Territory with a high degree of political autonomy—(i) consider current and future coastal risks from climate variability and change, and (ii) are designed to evolve as new knowledge on climate change emerges. The analysis relies on the study of risk-relevant policy documents and considers Coastal risk integration (i.e. extent to which coastal hazards and associated impacts are considered) and Adjustability (i.e. potential for the policy documents to be adjusted over time) as proxy outcomes for climate change policy integration more broadly. The results show that there are still important gaps relating to an insufficient incorporation of climate-related coastal hazards into the existing policy documents, and to difficulties in both implementing these documents and making them more climate change-compatible. While recent examples on the ground provide encouraging early signs towards more adjustable local policies, they are to date too time- and/or space-bounded to represent any real shift at the territory level.
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Notes
RÉOMERS (2013–2016, French overseas territories’ resilience to climate- and marine-related hazards in the context of climate change), STORISK https://lienss.univ-larochelle.fr/storisk (2016–2021, Small islands addressing climate change: towards storylines of risk and adaptation), and INSeaPTION http://www.inseaption.eu/ ( 2018 –2021, Integrating se-level Projections in climate services for coastal adaptation).
The reflection that is developed here is not based on neither the interviews nor the scientific literature, but on our own experience of coastal risk research in atoll island contexts over the last 20 years (in the Seychelles, Maldives, Kiribati, and French Polynesia essentially), including what we have learnt from atoll communities over the years.
Of note, at the French Polynesia level, progress have been made since 2015 in terms of lowering the level of “undivided land”-related constrains for construction and development. A co-owner of an undivided land can now submit an application for a building permit without the signed agreement of one or more of the other co-owners. He/she should present, in addition to the formal documents inherent to such a request, “an attestation certifying on his honor that he/she has the necessary rights to apply for this building permit” which has to be, in theory, “not fraudulent” (Ewart 2021, p. 25).
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to one of the two anonymous reviewers for the suggestion to structure the paper around the themes of policy integration and policy adjustability.
Funding
The authors thank the French National Research Agency and the European Union for their support to the following projects: STORISK (grant ANR-15-CE03-0003), INSeaPTION (grant 690462), and the ‘Investissements d’avenir programme’ (grant ANR-10-LABX-14–01).
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Magnan, A.K., Viriamu, T., Moatty, A. et al. The climate change policy integration challenge in French Polynesia, Central Pacific Ocean. Reg Environ Change 22, 76 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-022-01933-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-022-01933-z