Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Intravenous laser wavelength radiation effect on LCAT, PON1, catalase, and FRAP in diabetic rats

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Lasers in Medical Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of intravenous irradiation of different low-level laser wavelengths on the activity of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), paraoxonase (PON1), catalase, and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) in diabetic rats. First, diabetes was induced in rats using streptozotocin (STZ). Enzymes’ activity was measured in the blood samples and compared before and after intravenous laser blood irradiation. We used four continuous-wave lasers—IR (λ = 808 nm), Red (λ = 638 nm), Green (λ = 532 nm), and Blue (λ = 450 nm)—to compare the wavelength’s effect on different enzymes’ activity. Laser power was fixed at 0.01 mW and laser energy was changed by 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-min time of radiations.

The enzymes’ activity of blood samples was measured 2, 6, and 24 h after radiation. The results show an increase in the activity of different enzymes when compare with diabetic non-radiated samples. More importantly, with a constant laser energy, the enzymes’ activity increased with decreasing laser wavelength. It is important to note that with a constant laser energy, as the wavelength decreases, the photon energy increases and the number of photons decrease, while the enzyme’s activity elevation increases. As a result, we can conclude that in intravenous low-level laser therapy, photon energy is more important than the number of photons even if their product, energy, is kept constant.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Roelandts R (2002) The history of phototherapy: something new under the sun? J Am Acad Dermatol 46(6):926–930

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bagheri HS, Mousavi M, Rezabakhsh A, Rezaie J, Rasta SH, Nourazarian A, Avci ÇB, Tajalli H, Talebi M, Oryan A et al (2018) Low-level laser irradiation at a high power intensity increased human endothelial cell exosome secretion via Wnt signaling. Lasers Med Sci 33(5):1131–1145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Harding JJ (1991) Cataract: biochemistry, epidemiology and pharmacology. Chapman and Hall, London

  4. Kappelle PJ, de Boer JF, Perton FG, Annema W, de Vries R, Dullaart RP, Tietge UJ (2012) Increased LCAT activity and hyperglycaemia decrease the anti-oxidative functionality of HDL. Eur J Clin Investig 42(5):487–495

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Chance B, Sies H, Boveris A (1979) Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs. Physiol Rev 59(3):527–605

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Feher J, Csomos G, Vereckei A (1987) Free radical reactions in medicine. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg

    Book  Google Scholar 

  7. Pirart J (1978) Diabetes mellitus and its degenerative complications: a prospective study of 4,400 patients observed between 1947 and 1973. Diabetes Care 1(3):168–188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Brownlee M (1995) The pathological implications of protein glycation. Clin Invest Med 18(4):275–281

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Sokolovic D, Djindjic B, Nikolic J, Bjelakovic G, Pavlovic D, Kocic G, Krstic D, Cvetkovic T, Pavlovic V (2008) Melatonin reduces oxidative stress induced by chronic exposure of microwave radiation from mobile phones in rat brain. J Radiat Res 49(6):579–586

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Horikoshi S, Nakamura K, Kawaguchi M, Kondo J, Serpone N (2016) Effect of microwave radiation on the activity of catalase. Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide under microwave and conventional heating. RSC Adv 6(53):48237–48244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Sallam SM, Awad AM (2008) Effect of static magnetic field on the electrical properties and enzymes function of rat liver. Rom J Biophys 18(4):337–347

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Vojisavljevic V, Pirogova E, Cosic I (2007) Influence of electromagnetic radiation on enzyme kinetics. In: 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, pp 5021–5024

  13. Fedoseyeva G, Karu T, Lyapunova T, Pomoshnikova N, Meissel M (1988) The activation of yeast metabolism with He-Ne laser radiations-II. Activity of enzymes of oxidative and phosphorous metabolism. Lasers Life Sci 2:147–154

    Google Scholar 

  14. Silva Macedo R, Peres Leal M, Braga TT, Barioni ED, de Oliveira Duro S, Ratto Tempestini Horliana AC, Camara NOS, Marcourakis T, Farsky SHP, Lino-dos Santos-Franco A (2016) Photobiomodulation therapy decreases oxidative stress in the lung tissue after formaldehyde exposure: role of oxidant/antioxidant enzymes. Mediat Inflamm

  15. Denadai AS, Aydos RD, Silva IS, Olmedo L, de Senna Cardoso BM, da Silva BAK, Carvalho P (2015) Acute effects of low-level laser therapy (660 nm) on oxidative stress levels in diabetic rats with skin wounds. J Exp Ther Oncol 11:85–89

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Chen Y-P, Liu Y-J, Wang X-L, Ren Z-Y, Yue M (2005) Effect of microwave and He-Ne laser on enzyme activity and biophoton emission of Isatis indigotica Fort. J Integr Plant Biol 47(7):849–855

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Chen H, Wang H, Li Y, Liu W, Wang C, Chen Z (2016) Biological effects of low-level laser irradiation on umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. AIP Adv 6(4):045018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Pillai PU, Padma N (1998) Studies on the effect of laser radiation and other mutagens on plants, Ph.D. thesis, Cochin University of Science And Technology

  19. Simoes A, Ganzerla E, Yamaguti PM, de Paula Eduardo C, Nicolau J (2009) Effect of diode laser on enzymatic activity of parotid glands of diabetic rats. Lasers Med Sci 24(4):591–596

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ibuki FK, Simoes A, Nogueira FN (2010) Antioxidant enzymatic defense in salivary glands of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a temporal study. Cell Biochem Funct 28(6):503–508

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Simoes A, Nogueira FN, de Paula Eduardo C, Nicolau J (2010) Diode laser decreases the activity of catalase on submandibular glands of diabetic rats. Photomed Laser Surg 28(1):91–95

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Sim ̃oes A, Siqueira WL, Lamers ML, Santos MF, de Paula Eduardo C, Nicolau J (2009) Laser phototherapy effect on protein metabolism parameters of rat salivary glands. Lasers Med Sci 24(2):202–208

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Simoes A, de Oliveira E, Campos L, Nicolau J (2009) Ionic and histological studies of salivary glands in rats with diabetes and their glycemic state after laser irradiation. Photomed Laser Surg 27(6):877–883

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Campos L, Nicolau J, Arana-Chavez VE, Sim ̃oes A (2014) Effect of laser phototherapy on enzymatic activity of salivary glands of hamsters treated with 5-fluorouracil. Photochem Photobiol 90(3):667–672

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Da Silva NS, Potrich JW (2010) Effect of gaalas laser irradiation on enzyme activity. Photomed Laser Surg 28(3):431–434

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Mirmiranpour H, Shams Nosrati F, Sobhani SO, Nazifi Takantape S, Amjadi A (2018) Effect of low level laser irradiation on the function of glycated catalase. J Lasers Med Sci 9(3):212–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Tani S, Takahashi A, Nagao K, Hirayama A (2016) Association of lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase activity measured as a serum cholesterol esterification rate and low-density lipoprotein heterogeneity with cardiovascular risk: a cross-sectional study. Heart Vessel 31(6):831–840

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Wang X, Guo H, Li Y, Wang H, He J, Mu L, Hu Y, Ma J, Yan Y, Li S et al (2018) Interactions among genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport and in the response to environmental factors in dyslipidemia in subjects from the Xinjiang rural area. PLoS One 13(5):e0196042

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Rousset X, Shamburek R, Vaisman B, Amar M, Remaley AT (2011) Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase: an anti- or pro-atherogenic factor? Curr Atheroscler Rep 13(3):249–256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Nakhjavani M, Asgharani F, Khalilzadeh O, Esteghamati A, Ghaneei A, Morteza A, Anvari M (2011) Oxidized low-density lipoprotein is negatively correlated with lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Med Sci 341(2):92–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Calabresi L, Franceschini G (2010) Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase, high-density lipoproteins, and atheroprotection in humans. Trends Cardiovas Med 20(2):50–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ceron JJ, Tecles F, Tvarijonaviciute A (2014) Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) measurement: an update. BMC Vet Res 10(1):74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Litvinov D, Mahini H, Garelnabi M (2012) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role of paraoxonase 1: implication in arteriosclerosis diseases. N Am J Med Sci 4(11):523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Kowalska K, Socha E, Milnerowicz H (2015) The role of paraoxonase in cardiovascular diseases. Ann Clin Lab Sci 45(2):226–233

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Aviram M, Rosenblat M, Bisgaier CL, Newton RS, Primo-Parmo SL, La Du BN (1998) Paraoxonase inhibits high-density lipoprotein oxidation and preserves its functions. A possible peroxidative role for paraoxonase. J Clin Invest 101(8):1581–1590

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Camps J, Marsillach J, Joven J (2009) The paraoxonases: role in human diseases and methodological difficulties in measurement. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 46(2):83–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Costa LG, Giordano G, Furlong CE (2011) Pharmacological and dietary modulators of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and expression: the hunt goes on. Biochem Pharmacol 81(3):337–344

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Mackness MI, Mackness B, Durrington PN (2002) Paraoxonase and coronary heart disease. Atheroscler Suppl 3(4):49–55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Scacchi R, Gambina G, Martini MC, Broggio E, Vilardo T, Corbo RM (2003) Different pattern of association of paraoxonase Gln192? Arg polymorphism with sporadic late-onset Alzheimer’s disease and coronary artery disease. Neurosci Lett 339(1):17–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Hisalkar P, Patne A, Karnik A, Fawade M, Mumbare S (2012) Ferric reducing ability of plasma with lipid peroxidation in type 2 diabetes. Age (Yr) 42:8–70

    Google Scholar 

  41. Esteghamati A, Eskandari D, Mirmiranpour H, Noshad S, Mousavizadeh M, Hedayati M, Nakhjavani M (2013) Effects of metformin on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant reserve in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr 32(2):179–185

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Rad M, Rabizadeh S, Salehi S, Mirmiranpour H, Esteghamati A, Jafari R et al (2017) Advanced end glycation products, advanced oxidation protein products and ferritin reducing ability of plasma as markers of diabetic retinopathy. Austin J Endocrinol Diabetes 4(1):1057

    Google Scholar 

  43. Benzie IF, Strain JJ (1996) The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power: the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 239(1):70–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Lasers were supplied by International Faran Tech Co. We thank Miss Salile Khandani and Miss Nafise Goli for their help. Special thanks to Dr. Marjaneh Hejazi for fruitful discussion.

Funding

This project was supported by Sharif Applied Physics research centre at Sharif University of Technology.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laser and Medical Physics Lab, Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Ahmad Amjadi, Seyed Omid Sobhani & Niloofar Moazami Goudarzi

  2. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center (EMRC), Valiasr Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran

    Hossein Mirmiranpour

  3. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Niloofar Moazami Goudarzi

Authors
  1. Ahmad Amjadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hossein Mirmiranpour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Seyed Omid Sobhani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Niloofar Moazami Goudarzi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmad Amjadi.

Ethics declarations

Ethical considerations

The study protocol was approved by the animal ethics review committee, in accordance with the guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals prepared by Tehran University. Informed consent of this investigation has been ordered by Medical Physics and Laser Lab of Physic Department at Sharif University of Technology.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Amjadi, A., Mirmiranpour, H., Sobhani, S.O. et al. Intravenous laser wavelength radiation effect on LCAT, PON1, catalase, and FRAP in diabetic rats. Lasers Med Sci 35, 131–138 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-019-02805-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-019-02805-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation