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Femtosecond laser settings for optimal bracket bonding to zirconia

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Abstract

Bonding orthodontic brackets to ceramic materials is a challenging procedure; femtosecond (FS) laser conditioning could provide improved results, but the ideal settings for effective bracket-zirconia bonding have never been established. This study aimed to analyze the differences in surface roughness and shear bond strength (SBS) produced by different femtosecond laser settings and establish a protocol to prepare zirconia surfaces for optimal adhesion to metal orthodontic brackets. One hundred eighty zirconia samples were assigned to six groups according to surface treatment: (1) control; (2) air-particle abrasion (APA); (3) FS laser irradiation (300 mW output power, 60 μm inter-groove distance); (4) FS laser irradiation (200 mW, 100 μm); (5) FS laser irradiation (40 mW, 60 μm); and (6) FS laser irradiation (200 mW, 60 μm). Surface roughness was measured. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to the zirconia specimens, and SBS was measured. SBS in groups 3 and 6 was significantly higher than the other groups (5.92 ± 1.12 MPa and 5.68 ± 0.94 MPa). No significant differences were found between groups 1, 2, 4, and 5 (3.87 ± 0.77 MPa, 4.25 ± 0.51 MPa, 3.74 ± 0.10 MPa, and 3.91 ± 0.53 MPa). Surface roughness was significantly greater for FS laser than for control and APA groups (p = 1.28 × 10−8). FS laser at 200 mW, 60 μm can be recommended as the ideal settings for treating zirconia surfaces, producing good SBS and more economical energy use.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are very grateful to the Serveis Centrals d’Instrumentació Científica (SCIC) of the University Jaume I for the use of the femtosecond laser and microscopy facilities.

The authors thank William James Packer, professional English language editor, for translating the manuscript.

Funding

The present research received financial support from the Generalitat Valenciana through the project PROMETEU/2016/079, the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) through the project FIS2016-75618-R, and the Ministry of Education Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic through project no. LM2015073.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Orthodontics Teaching Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, C/Gascó Oliag No. 1, 46010, Valencia, Spain

    Verónica García-Sanz, Vanessa Paredes-Gallardo & Carlos Bellot-Arcís

  2. GROC UJI, Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Sos Baynat, s/n, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Spain

    Lluís Martínez-León

  3. Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec, Czech Republic

    Rafael Torres-Mendieta

  4. Orthodontics Teaching Unit, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Calle Alfonso X El Sabio s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain

    Javier Montero & Alberto Albaladejo

Authors
  1. Verónica García-Sanz
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  2. Vanessa Paredes-Gallardo
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  3. Carlos Bellot-Arcís
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  4. Lluís Martínez-León
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  5. Rafael Torres-Mendieta
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  6. Javier Montero
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  7. Alberto Albaladejo
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Correspondence to Vanessa Paredes-Gallardo.

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García-Sanz, V., Paredes-Gallardo, V., Bellot-Arcís, C. et al. Femtosecond laser settings for optimal bracket bonding to zirconia. Lasers Med Sci 34, 297–304 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-018-2589-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-018-2589-3

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