References
Har-Shai Y et al (2006) Intralesional cryosurgery enhances the involution of recalcitrant auricular keloids: a new clinical approach supported by experimental studies. Wound Repair Regen 14(1):18–27
Hosnuter M et al (2007) The effects of onion extract on hypertrophic and keloid scars. J Wound Care 16(6):251–254
Jacob SE et al (2003) Topical application of imiquimod 5% cream to keloids alters expression genes associated with apoptosis. Br J Dermatol 149(Suppl 66):62–65
Gold MH et al (2014) Updated international clinical recommendations on scar management: part 2—algorithms for scar prevention and treatment. Dermatol Surg 40(8):825–831
Allendorff J, Riegel W, Kohler H (1997) Regression of retroperitoneal fibrosis by combination therapy with tamoxifen and steroids. Med Klin (Munich) 92(7):439–443
Jones CD et al (2015) The use of chemotherapeutics for the treatment of keloid scars. Dermatol Reports 7(2):5880
Nakashima M et al (2010) A genome-wide association study identifies four susceptibility loci for keloid in the Japanese population. Nat Genet 42(9):768
Ogawa R et al (2014) Associations between keloid severity and single-nucleotide polymorphisms: importance of rs8032158 as a biomarker of keloid severity. J Investig Dermatol 134(7):2041–2043
Berman B, Maderal A, Raphael B (2017) Keloids and hypertrophic scars: pathophysiology, classification, and treatment. Dermatol Surg 43(Suppl 1):S3–s18
Bagabir R et al (2012) Site-specific immunophenotyping of keloid disease demonstrates immune upregulation and the presence of lymphoid aggregates. Br J Dermatol 167(5):1053–1066
Arima J et al (2015) Hypertension: a systemic key to understanding local keloid severity. Wound Repair Regen 23(2):213–221
Huang C, Ogawa R (2014) The link between hypertension and pathological scarring: does hypertension cause or promote keloid and hypertrophic scar pathogenesis? Wound Repair Regen 22(4):462–466
López-Novoa JM, Nieto MA (2009) Inflammation and EMT: an alliance towards organ fibrosis and cancer progression. EMBO Mol Med 1(6–7):303
Thiery JP, Sleeman JP (2006) Complex networks orchestrate epithelial-mesenchymal transitions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7(2):131
Yan C et al (2010) Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human skin wound healing is induced by tumor necrosis factor-α through bone morphogenic protein-2. Am J Pathol 176(5):2247–2258
Quaggin SE, Kapus A (2011) Scar wars: mapping the fate of epithelial-mesenchymal-myofibroblast transition. Kidney Int 80(1):41–50
Wendt MK, Allington TM, Schiemann WP (2009) Mechanisms of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by TGF-beta. Future Oncol 5(8):1145
Zhang J et al (2014) TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition proceeds through stepwise activation of multiple feedback loops. Sci Signal 7(345):ra91
Hahn JM et al (2016) Partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in keloid scars: regulation of keloid keratinocyte gene expression by transforming growth factor-β1. Burns Trauma 4(1):30
Syed F, Bayat A (2012) Notch signaling pathway in keloid disease: enhanced fibroblast activity in a Jagged-1 peptide-dependent manner in lesional vs. extralesional fibroblasts. Wound Repair Regen 20(5):688–706
Ingrid E et al (2013) Notch signaling: targeting cancer stem cells and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Onco Targets Ther 6:1249
Matsuno Y et al (2012) Notch signaling mediates TGF-beta1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the induction of Snai1. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 44(5):776–789
Zhou J et al (2016) Notch and TGFbeta form a positive regulatory loop and regulate EMT in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Cell Signal 28(8):838–849
Wang Y et al (2017) Notch signaling mediated by TGF-beta/Smad pathway in concanavalin A-induced liver fibrosis in rats. World J Gastroenterol 23(13):2330–2336
Huang C, Ogawa R (2012) Fibroproliferative disorders and their mechanobiology. Connect Tissue Res 53(3):187–196
Kalodimou VE (2016) Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of lung fibrosis in an animal model. J Tissue Sci Eng 7:2(Suppl). https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7552.C1.024
Lee MJ et al (2010) Anti-fibrotic effect of chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human placenta in a rat model of CCl4-injured liver: potential application to the treatment of hepatic diseases. J Cell Biochem 111(6):1453
Leung VYL et al (2014) Mesenchymal stem cells reduce intervertebral disc fibrosis and facilitate repair. Stem Cells 32(8):2164–2177
Ojeh N et al (2015) Stem cells in skin regeneration, wound healing, and their clinical applications. Int J Mol Sci 16(10):25476–25501
Spiekman M et al (2014) Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells inhibit TGF-β1-induced differentiation of human dermal fibroblasts and keloid scar-derived fibroblasts in a paracrine fashion. Plast Reconstr Surg 134(4):699
Uysal CA et al (2014) The effect of bone-marrow-derived stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells on wound contraction and epithelization. Adv Wound Care 3(6):405–413
Zhang Q et al (2015) Intralesional injection of adipose-derived stem cells reduces hypertrophic scarring in a rabbit ear model. Stem Cell Res Ther 6(1):145
Zonari A et al (2015) Polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate structures loaded with adipose stem cells promote skin healing with reduced scarring. Acta Biomater 17:170
Anders JJ, Lanzafame RJ, Arany PR (2015) Low-level light/laser therapy versus photobiomodulation therapy. Photomed Laser Surg 33(4):183
Gaida K et al (2004) Low level laser therapy—a conservative approach to the burn scar? Burns 30(4):362
Huang YY et al (2009) Biphasic dose response in low level light therapy. Dose-Response 7(4):358
de Villiers JA, Houreld NN, Abrahamse H (2011) Influence of low intensity laser irradiation on isolated human adipose derived stem cells over 72 hours and their differentiation potential into smooth muscle cells using retinoic acid. Stem Cell Rev 7(4):869–882
Galvão BCA et al (2014) Low-level laser irradiation inducesin vitroproliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. Einstein 12(1):75
Kushibiki T et al (2015) Low reactive level laser therapy for mesenchymal stromal cells therapies. Stem Cells Int 2015(6):974864
Park IS, Chung PS, Ahn JC (2014) Enhanced angiogenic effect of adipose-derived stromal cell spheroid with low-level light therapy in hind limb ischemia mice. Biomaterials 35(34):9280–9289
Mvula B, Moore TJ, Abrahamse H (2010) Effect of low-level laser irradiation and epidermal growth factor on adult human adipose-derived stem cells. Lasers Med Sci 25(1):33–39
Shen CC et al (2013) Low-level laser stimulation on adipose-tissue-derived stem cell treatments for focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013:594906
Min KH et al (2015) Effect of low-level laser therapy on human adipose-derived stem cells: in vitro and in vivo studies. Aesthet Plast Surg 39(5):778–782
Wang Y et al (2016) Photobiomodulation of human adipose-derived stem cells using 810nm and 980nm lasers operates via different mechanisms of action. Biochim Biophys Acta 1861(2):441
Constantin A et al (2017) CO2 laser increases the regenerative capacity of human adipose-derived stem cells by a mechanism involving the redox state and enhanced secretion of pro-angiogenic molecules. Lasers Med Sci 32(1):117–127
Mvula B, Abrahamse H (2016) Differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells when cocultured with smooth muscle cells, and the role of low-intensity laser irradiation. Photomed Laser Surg 34(11):509–515
Mvula B et al (2008) The effect of low level laser irradiation on adult human adipose derived stem cells. Lasers Med Sci 23(3):277–282
Rittié L, Fisher GJ (2005) Isolation and culture of skin fibroblasts. Methods Mol Med 117:83
Gaur M, Dobke M, Lunyak VV (2017) Mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue in clinical applications for dermatological indications and skin aging. Int J Mol Sci 18(1):208. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010208
Xu X et al (2014) Adipose-derived stem cells cooperate with fractional carbon dioxide laser in antagonizing photoaging: a potential role of Wnt and beta-catenin signaling. Cell Biosci 4:24
Wick G et al (2013) The immunology of fibrosis. Annu Rev Immunol 31:107–135
MacDonald EM, Cohn RD (2012) TGFbeta signaling: its role in fibrosis formation and myopathies. Curr Opin Rheumatol 24(6):628–634
Aoyagi-Ikeda K et al (2011) Notch induces myofibroblast differentiation of alveolar epithelial cells via transforming growth factor-{beta}-Smad3 pathway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 45(1):136–144
Luo K (2017) Signaling cross talk between TGF-beta/Smad and other signaling pathways. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a022137
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval and patient consent received.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Electronic supplementary material
ESM 1
(DOCX 20 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Han, B., Fan, J., Liu, L. et al. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells treatments for fibroblasts of fibrotic scar via downregulating TGF-β1 and Notch-1 expression enhanced by photobiomodulation therapy. Lasers Med Sci 34, 1–10 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-018-2567-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-018-2567-9