Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Surface treatment of dental porcelain: CO2 laser as an alternative to oven glaze

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Lasers in Medical Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This work tested continuous CO2 laser as a surface treatment to dental porcelain and compared it to oven glaze (auto-glaze) by means of roughness and color parameters. Three commercial veneering porcelains with different crystalline content were tested: VM7, VM9, and VM13. Porcelain discs (3.5 × 2.0 mm, diameter × height) were sintered and had one side ground by a diamond bur (45 μm) simulating a chairside adjustment in a clinical office. Specimens (n = 7) were divided into the following groups: C—control (no treatment), G—auto-glaze (oven), and L—surface continuous irradiation with CO2 laser (Gem Laser, Coherent; λ = 10.6 μm). Laser was tested in three exposure times (3, 4, or 5 min) and two irradiances (45 and 50 W/cm2). Roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, and Rpm/Rz) were measured using a rugosimeter (Surftest 301, Mitutoyo). Color differences (ΔE) between the G and L groups were calculated (VITA Easyshade); ΔE values up to 3.3 were considered as not perceivable. A surface analysis was conducted by stereomicroscopy (Olympus SZ61) and SEM (Stereoscan 440, LEO). Crystalline content of specimens from groups C and L (50 W/cm2, 5 min) was assessed by X-ray diffraction and then compared. Surface roughness (Ra and Rz) observed for laser-irradiated groups was similar to G for all studied porcelains. Rpm/Rz ratios were near 1.0 for all groups that indicated a sharp ridge profile for all specimens. Only one laser condition studied (50 W/cm2, 3 min) from VM7 porcelain resulted in color difference (ΔE = 3.5) to G. Specimens irradiated with 50 W/cm2 for 5 min presented the smoother surface observed by SEM, comparable to G. X-ray diffraction data revealed an increase in leucite crystallite size for VM9 and VM13 porcelains after laser treatment. Regarding roughness, continuous CO2 laser applied on porcelain surface was as effective as conventional oven auto-glaze.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kelly JR (1997) Ceramics in restorative and prosthetic dentistry. Annu Rev Mater Sci 27:443–468

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. St John KR (2007) Biocompatibility of dental materials. Dent Clin N Am 51(3):747–760

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Raigrodski AJ, Chiche GJ (2001) The safety and efficacy of anterior ceramic fixed partial dentures: a review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent 86(5):520–525

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Gonzaga CC, Okada CY, Cesar PF, Miranda WG Jr, Yoshimura HN (2009) Effect of processing induced particle alignment on the fracture toughness and fracture behavior of multiphase dental ceramics. Dent Mater 25(11):1293–1301

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Morena R, Lockwood PE, Fairhurst CW (1986) Fracture toughness of commercial dental porcelains. Dent Mater 2(2):58–62

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Raigrodski AJ (2004) Contemporary materials and technologies for all-ceramic fixed partial dentures: a review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent 92(6):557–562

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Scherrer SS, Kelly JR, Quinn GD, Xu K (1999) Fracture toughness (KIc) of a dental porcelain determined by fractographic analysis. Dent Mater 15(5):342–348

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Griggs JA, Thompson JY, Anusavice KJ (1996) Effects of flaw size and auto-glaze treatment on porcelain strength. J Dent Res 75(6):1414–1417

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Chang CW, Waddell JN, Lyons KM, Swain MV (2011) Cracking of porcelain surfaces arising from abrasive grinding with a dental air turbine. J Prosthodont 20(8):613–620

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Quinn GD, Hoffman K, Quinn JB (2012) Strength and fracture origins of a feldspathic porcelain. Dent Mater 28(5):502–511

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Baharav H, Laufer BZ, Pilo R, Cardash HS (1999) Effect of glaze thickness on the fracture toughness and hardness of alumina-reinforced porcelain. J Prosthet Dent 81(5):515–519

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. al-Wahadni A, Martin DM (1998) Glazing and finishing dental porcelain: a literature review. J Am Dent Assoc 64(8):580–583

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Yuzugullu B, Celik C, Erkut S, Ozcelik TB (2009) The effects of extraoral porcelain polishing sequences on surface roughness and color of feldspathic porcelain. Int J Prosthodont 22(5):472–475

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Hulterstrom AK, Bergman M (1993) Polishing systems for dental ceramics. Acta Odontol Scand 51(4):229–234

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Sarikaya I, Guler AU (2010) Effects of different polishing techniques on the surface roughness of dental porcelains. J Appl Oral Sci 18(1):10–16

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Motro PF, Kursoglu P, Kazazoglu E (2012) Effects of different surface treatments on stainability of ceramics. J Prosthet Dent 108(4):231–237

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Yilmaz K, Ozkan P (2010) The methods for the generation of smoothness in dental ceramics. Compend Contin Educ Dent 31(1):30–2, 34, 36–8 passim; quiz 42, 44

    Google Scholar 

  18. Barghi N, Alexander L, Draugh RA (1976) When to glaze—an electron microscope study. J Prosthet Dent 35(6):648–653

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Podshadley AG, Harrison JD (1966) Rat connective tissue response to pontic materials. J Prosthet Dent 16(1):110–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Brentel AS, Kantorski KZ, Valandro LF, Fucio SB, Puppin-Rontani RM, Bottino MA (2011) Confocal laser microscopic analysis of biofilm on newer feldspar ceramic. Oper Dent 36(1):43–51

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Prasad S, Monaco EA Jr, Kim H, Davis EL, Brewer JD (2009) Comparison of porcelain surface and flexural strength obtained by microwave and conventional oven glazing. J Prosthet Dent 101(1):20–28

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Li X, Shaw LL (2005) Microstructure of dental porcelains in a laser-assisted rapid prototyping process. Dent Mater 21(4):336–346

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sgura R, Reis M, Andreeta MRB, Hernandes AC, Medeiros IS (2013) Sintering dental porcelain with CO2 laser: porosity and mechanical characterization. Brazilian Dental Science 16(1): in press

  24. Kelly JR, Benetti P (2011) Ceramic materials in dentistry: historical evolution and current practice. Aust Dent J 56(Suppl 1):84–96

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Gostemeyer G, Jendras M, Borchers L, Bach FW, Stiesch M, Kohorst P (2011) Effect of thermal expansion mismatch on the Y-TZP/veneer interfacial adhesion determined by strain energy release rate. J Prosthodont Res 56(2):93–101

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Vichi A, Louca C, Corciolani G, Ferrari M (2011) Color related to ceramic and zirconia restorations: a review. Dent Mater 27(1):97–108

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Vichi A, Ferrari M, Davidson CL (2004) Color and opacity variations in three different resin-based composite products after water aging. Dent Mater 20(6):530–534

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Whitehead SA, Shearer AC, Watts DC, Wilson NH (1996) Surface texture changes of a composite brushed with "tooth whitening" dentifrices. Dent Mater 12(5):315–318

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Yilmaz K, Ozkan P (2010) Profilometer evaluation of the effect of various polishing methods on the surface roughness in dental ceramics of different structures subjected to repeated firings. Quintessence Int 41(7):e125–31

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Guler AU, Sarikaya IB, Guler E, Yucel A (2009) Effect of filler ratio in adhesive systems on the shear bond strength of resin composite to porcelains. Oper Dent 34(3):299–305

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. de Tholt de Vasconcellos B, Miranda-Junior WG, Prioli R, Thompson J, Oda M (2006) Surface roughness in ceramics with different finishing techniques using atomic force microscope and profilometer. Oper Dent 31(4):442–449

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Azer SS, Ayash GM, Johnston WM, Khalil MF, Rosenstiel SF (2006) Effect of esthetic core shades on the final color of IPS Empress all-ceramic crowns. J Prosthet Dent 96(6):397–401

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Barath VS, Faber FJ, Westland S, Niedermeier W (2003) Spectrophotometric analysis of all-ceramic materials and their interaction with luting agents and different backgrounds. Adv Dent Res 17:55–60

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Chu FC, Chow TW, Chai J (2007) Contrast ratios and masking ability of three types of ceramic veneers. J Prosthet Dent 98(5):359–364

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Uludag B, Usumez A, Sahin V, Eser K, Ercoban E (2007) The effect of ceramic thickness and number of firings on the color of ceramic systems: an in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 97(1):25–31

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Rosenstiel SF, Johnston WM (1988) The effects of manipulative variables on the color of ceramic metal restorations. J Prosthet Dent 60(3):297–303

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Anusavice KJ, Zhang NZ, Moorhead JE (1994) Influence of P205, AgNO3, and FeCl3 on color and translucency of lithia-based glass-ceramics. Dent Mater 10(4):230–235

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Materiais Dentários, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, Cidade Universitária “Armando Salles de Oliveira”, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil

    Ricardo Sgura, Mariana Cavalcante Reis & Igor Studart Medeiros

  2. Grupo de Crescimento de Cristais e Materiais Cerâmicos, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil

    Antonio Carlos Hernandes & Marcello Rubens Barsi Andreeta

  3. Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Márcia Carvalho de Abreu Fantini

Authors
  1. Ricardo Sgura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mariana Cavalcante Reis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Antonio Carlos Hernandes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Márcia Carvalho de Abreu Fantini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Marcello Rubens Barsi Andreeta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Igor Studart Medeiros
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Igor Studart Medeiros.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sgura, R., Reis, M.C., Hernandes, A.C. et al. Surface treatment of dental porcelain: CO2 laser as an alternative to oven glaze. Lasers Med Sci 30, 661–667 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-013-1392-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-013-1392-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation