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Additive anti-inflammation by a combination of conjugated linoleic acid and α-lipoic acid through molecular interaction between both compounds

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Abstract

Alpha lipoic acid (LA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) have been well-documented on a variety of functional effects in health foods. The main purpose of this study was focused on the additive anti-inflammatory activity of the combination of LA and CLA in vitro. Raw 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide were treated with LA and CLA individually or in combination at a variety of concentration ranges. Co-treating 25 μM of LA and 25 μM of CLA significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to the same concentration of single LA- or CLA-treated group. The molecular mechanism of anti-inflammation by a combination of these compounds was attributed to extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 (ERK1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Also, the molecular interaction between both compounds was confirmed by NMR. Our findings suggested that the combination of CLA and LA showed potential additive effect on anti-inflammation through the molecular interaction of both compounds.

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Abbreviations

AP-1:

Activator protein 1

BCA:

Bicinchoninic acid

CDCl3 :

Deuterated chloroform

CLA:

Conjugaeted linoleic acid

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s Media

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

ELISA:

Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

EtOH:

Ethanol

IL:

Interleukin

iNOS:

inducible nitric oxide synthase

LA:

Lipoic acid

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MEK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase

MTT:

3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

NO:

Nitric oxide

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa-light chain-enhancer of activated B cells

PBS:

Phosphate buffered saline

PPARγ:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

qRT-PCR:

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction

RIPA:

Radioimmunoprecipitation assay

SEM:

Standard error of the mean

SUMO:

Small ubiquitin-like modifier

TMS:

Tetramethylsilane

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

TRAF:

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) and Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (IPET) through Agri-Bio Industry Technology Development Program, funded by Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) (115084-2). Ki-June Lee was supported by Brain Korea 21 Plus program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea

    Ki-June Lee, Whee-Soo Kim, Chong-Su Cho & Yun-Jaie Choi

  2. National Center for Inter-University Research Facilities, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea

    Yoon-Joo Ko

  3. Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, 25354, Republic of Korea

    Sang-Kee Kang

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  1. Ki-June Lee
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Lee, KJ., Ko, YJ., Kang, SK. et al. Additive anti-inflammation by a combination of conjugated linoleic acid and α-lipoic acid through molecular interaction between both compounds. Food Sci Biotechnol 29, 419–429 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-019-00677-7

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