Abstract
In this paper, two physical model tests were conducted to study the deformation failure mechanism of a deep-buried tunnel in inclined layered strata and supporting effects with constant resistance and large deformation of anchor cables. The non-contact deformation and displacement test system, the strain data acquisition system, and the camera were applied to obtain the deformation and failure process of surrounding rocks and the vertical and transverse strain fields during the test. The results of the research showed that when the tunnel was excavated in the inclined thin-layer rock strata, the deformation had obvious asymmetry, the left arch shoulder of the tunnel presented bending fracture failure, the right arch shoulder presented shear slip failure; the key position of the failure was located in the left arch shoulder of the tunnel. When the asymmetric constant resistance and large deformation anchor cable model was used, the strain field was transferred to the deep rock strata, and the deformation coordination of deep and shallow rock strata was realized. The deformation and strain field of surrounding rocks was significantly reduced.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. All data have been thoroughly documented and are available for analysis by qualified researchers. The data are available for sharing, subject to ethical and legal considerations, upon request.
References
Chen ZQ, He C, Xu GW, Ma GY, Yang WB (2019) Supporting mechanism and mechanical behavior of a double primary support method for tunnels in broken phyllite under high geo-stress: a case study. Bull Eng Geol Env 78:253–5267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01479-1
Christaras B (2003) Support capacity of wedges along tunnels of Egnatia highway. Eng Geol 68:361–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7952(02)00240-5
He M Li C, Gong W, Wang J, Tao Z (2016) Support principles of npr bolts/cables and control techniques of large deformation. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 035:1513–1529. https://doi.org/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2015.1246
He MC, Gong WL, Zhai HM, Zhang HP (2010a) Physical modeling of deep ground excavation in geologically horizontally strata based on infrared thermography. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 25:366–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2010.01.012
He MC, Jia XN, Gong WL, Lohrasb F (2010b) Physical modeling of an underground roadway excavation in vertically stratified rock using infrared thermography. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 47:1212–1221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2010.06.020
He MC, Li C, Gong WL, Sousa LR, Li SL (2017) Dynamic tests for a constant-resistance-large-deformation bolt using a modified SHTB system. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 64:103–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.12.007
Hoek E, Guevara R (2009) Overcoming squeezing in the Yacambú-Quibor Tunnel. Venezuela Rock Mech Rock Eng 42(2):389–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-009-0175-5
Hoek E, Marinos PG, Marinos VP (2005) Characterisation and engineering properties of tectonically undisturbed but lithologically varied sedimentary rock masses. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 42:277–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.09.015
Jiang Q, Liu XP, Yan F, Yang Y, Xu DP, Feng GL (2021) Failure performance of 3DP physical twin-tunnel model and corresponding safety factor evaluation. Rock Mech Rock Eng 54:109–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-020-02244-7
Li SC, Wang Q, Wang HT, Jiang B, Wang DC, Zhang B, Li Y, Ruan GQ (2015) Model test study on surrounding rock deformation and failure mechanisms of deep roadways with thick top coal. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 47:52–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.12.013
Meguid MA, Saada O, Nunes MA, Mattar J (2008) Physical modeling of tunnels in soft ground: a review Tunn. Undergr Space Technol 23:185–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2007.02.003
He MC (2011) Physical modeling of an underground roadway excavation in geologically 45° inclined rock using infrared thermography. Eng Geol 121(3–4):165–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.12.001
Marinos V, Prountzopoulos G, Fortsakis P, Chrysochoidis F, Seferoglou K, Perleros V, Sarigiannis D (2014) Assessing rock mass properties for tunnelling in a challenging environment. The case of Pefka Tunnel in Northern Greece. Engineering Geology for Society and Territory 6:409–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09060-3_71
Paraskevopoulou C, Skolidis A, Parsons S, Marinos V (2021) Integrating uncertainty into geotechnical design of underground openings in tectonically undisturbed but lithologically varied sedimentary environments. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 113(103979). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2021.103979
Sitharam TG, Latha GM (2002) Simulation of excavations in jointed rock masses using a practical equivalent continuum approach. Int J Rock Mech Min 39(4):517–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(02)00024-2
Sun XM, Chen F, He MC, Gong WL, Xu HC, Lu H (2017) Physical modeling of floor heave for the deepburied roadway excavated in ten degree inclined strata using infrared thermal imaging technology. Tun Undergr Sp Tech 63:228–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2018.01.022
Sun XM, Chen F, Miao CY, Song P, Li G, Zhao CW, Xia X (2018a) Physical modeling of deformation failure mechanism of surrounding rocks for the deep-buried tunnel in soft rock strata during the excavation. Tunn Undergr Sp Tech 74:247–261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2018.01.022
Sun XM, Song P, Zhao CW, Zhang Y, Li G, Miao CY (2018b) Physical modeling experimental study on failure mechanism of surrounding rock of deep-buried soft tunnel based on digital image correlation technology. Arab J Geosci 11:624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-3979-3
Sun XM, Wang D, Wang C, Liu X, Zhang B, Liu ZQ (2014) Tensile properties and application of constant resistance and large deformation bolts. Chin J Rock Mech Eng 33:1765–1771. https://doi.org/10.13722/j.cnki.jrme.2014.09.005
Tao ZG, Zhang HJ, Chen YF, Jiang CC (2016) Support principles of NPR bolt/cable and control techniques of large deformation disasters. Int J Min Sci Technol 26:967–973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2016.09.002
Xu ZL, Chen JX et al (2021) Mechanical properties and reasonable proportioning of similar materials in physical model test of tunnel lining cracking. Construct Build Mater (300):123960 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123960
Yang XX, Kulatilake PHSW, Jing HW, Yang SQ (2015) Numerical simulation of a jointed rock block mechanical behavior adjacent to an underground excavation and comparison with physical model test results. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 53:109–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.07.006
Zhang Q, Ren MY, Duan K, Wang WS, Gao Q, Lin HX, Xiang W, Jiao YY (2019) Geo-mechanical model test on the collaborative bearing effect of rock-support system for deep tunnel in complicated rock strata. Tunn Undergr Space Technol (91):103001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.103001
Zhang ZX, Xu Y, Kulatilake PHSW, Huang X (2012) Physical model test and numerical analysis on the behavior of stratified rock masses during underground excavation. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 49:134–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2011.11.001
Zhu WS, Li Y, Li SC, Wang SG, Zhang QB (2010) Quasi-three-dimensional physical model tests on a cavern complex under high in-situ stresses. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 48:199–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2010.11.008
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52174096, 51874311) and the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining (Grant No. KLCRSM20KFA11).
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52174096, 51874311) and the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining (Grant No. KLCRSM20KFA11).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, X., Zhao, W., Shen, F. et al. Physical modelling of deformation and failure mechanisms and supporting effects for a deep-buried tunnel in inclined layered strata. Bull Eng Geol Environ 82, 74 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-023-03104-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-023-03104-8