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Dynamic process simulation of construction solid waste (CSW) landfill landslide based on SPH considering dilatancy effects

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Abstract

Construction solid waste (CSW) landfill landslides, such as the Guangming New District landslide, which occurred in Shenzhen (hereafter the Shenzhen landslide), occur when the material is loose and saturated. They usually exhibit characteristics such as abrupt failure and whole collapse. During the propagation of landslides, dilatation behavior plays an important role in causing liquefaction, resulting in high velocity and exceptionally long run-out dynamics. We propose a dynamic model for describing fluidized CSW landslides by integrating the dilatancy model into smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH). The dilatancy model implies that the occurrence of dilation or the contraction of the granular-fluid mixture depends on the initial solid volume fraction. The dynamic model is used to simulate the Shenzhen landslide, and special attention is paid to the effects of different initial solid volumes on the mobility of the CSW landslide. The results show that when the solid volume fraction is higher than the critical value, contraction occurs, the excess pore water pressure increases, and the basal friction resistance is reduced. CSW landslide mobility is based on the initial solid volume fraction (or initial void ratio) of the granular-fluid mixture; a slight change in the initial volume fraction significantly affects the mobility of the CSW landfill landslide.

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Abbreviations

\(b\) :

Proportionality coefficient

\(c\) :

Cohesion

\(\dot{e}_{ij}\) :

Deviatoric strain-rate tensor

\(G\) :

Shear modulus of soil skeleton

\(K_{1}\) :

Bulk modulus of soil skeleton

\(K_{\text{m}}\) :

Bulk modulus of solid particles

\(K_{\text{s}}\) :

Bulk modulus of solid particles

\(K_{\text{w}}\) :

Bulk modulus of water

\(K_{t}\) :

Total bulk modulus

L M :

Maximum source area material migration displacement

\(m_{0}\) :

Initial solid volume fraction

\(m_{\text{s}}\) :

Current solid volume fraction

\(m_{\text{w}}\) :

Current water volume fraction

\(m_{\text{a}}\) :

Current air volume fraction

\(m_{\text{eq}}\) :

Equilibrium solid volume fraction

\(m_{\text{crit}}\) :

Lithostatic critical-state solid volume fraction

N :

Generalized dimensionless parameter

\(p_{0}^{\text{a}}\) :

Standard atmospheric pressure

\(\Delta p^{\text{a}}\) :

Pressure increment

\(s_{ij}^{\text{N}}\) :

New second invariant of deviatoric stress tensor

\(u_{\text{w}}\) :

Pore water pressure

\(u_{\text{a}}\) :

Pore air pressure

\(u_{\text{s}}\) :

Matric suction

\(u_{\text{f}}\) :

Pore fluid pressure

\(\Delta u_{\text{f}}^{\text{e}}\) :

Excess pore fluid pressure increment

\(u_{\text{t}}^{\text{C}}\) :

Corrected values of pore fluid pressure

\(u_{\text{f}}^{\text{N}}\) :

New pore fluid pressure

v 0 :

Total volume

\(\dot{\gamma }\) :

Shear strain-rate

\(\Delta \gamma\) :

Shear strain increment

\(\delta_{ij}\) :

Kronecker’s delta

\(\mu\) :

Effective shear viscosity of pore fluid

\(\rho\) :

Current mixture bulk density

\(\rho_{0}\) :

Initial mixture bulk density

\(\rho_{\text{s}}\) :

Soil grain density

\(\rho_{\text{w}}\) :

Initial fluid phase density

\(\varepsilon_{\text{v}}\) :

Volume strain of solid skeleton

\(\Delta \varepsilon_{\text{v}}^{\text{e}}\) :

Volume strain increment

\(\xi\) :

Calibration constant

\(\zeta\) :

Characteristic grain diameter

\(\sigma_{0}\) :

Reference mean stress

\(\sigma_{\text{e}}\) :

Mean effective stress

\(\sigma_{\text{t}}\) :

Mean total stress

\(\sigma_{\text{t}}^{\text{C}}\) :

Corrected values of total mean stress

\(\sigma_{\text{e}}^{\text{N}}\) :

New effective stress

\(\sigma_{ij}^{{\prime }}\) :

Net stress tensor acting on solid skeleton

\(\sigma_{ij}^{\text{N}}\) :

New total stress

\(\sigma_{\text{t}}^{\text{N}}\) :

New total mean stress

\(\tau_{\hbox{min} }\) :

Minimum shear strength

\(\tau_{\text{s}}\) :

Shear stress

\(\tau^{\text{N}}\) :

New second deviatoric shear stress

\(\phi\) :

Internal friction angle

\(\psi\) :

Dilatancy angle

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported as a joint research project by NSFC-ICIMOD (Grant no. 41661144041) and the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province of China (Grant no. 2016SZ0067).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China

    Heng Liang, Siming He, Xiaoqin Lei, Wei Liu & Chaojun Ouyang

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Heng Liang & Wei Liu

  3. Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China

    Siming He, Xiaoqin Lei & Chaojun Ouyang

  4. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chengdu, China

    Siming He

  5. Southeast University, Nanjing, China

    Yuzhang Bi

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  1. Heng Liang
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Correspondence to Siming He.

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Liang, H., He, S., Lei, X. et al. Dynamic process simulation of construction solid waste (CSW) landfill landslide based on SPH considering dilatancy effects. Bull Eng Geol Environ 78, 763–777 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-017-1129-x

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