Abstract
As a globally important arid region, Central Asia has attracted considerable attention owing to the water crisis. However, a systematic review of large-scale hydrological processes in this region is lacking, leading to a limited understanding regarding this topic. Thus, by collecting published hydrogen and oxygen isotopic data for precipitation, river water, and groundwater in Central Asia, a comprehensive stable isotopic and hydrochemical database was created for the first time to clarify the isotopic signatures of water from different sources and the evolution processes of river water and groundwater. The local meteoric water line was derived from the stable isotopic precipitation values and defined as δD = 7.52 δ18O + 6.29 (R2 = 0.9515; n = 185); thereafter, the hydrological processes were tracked by comparing the isotopic characteristics of the water samples. A close relationship between river water and precipitation was revealed. In addition, the ionic ratios indicate that chemical weathering controls the chemical composition of river water upstream, and evaporation is the main factor controlling the chemical composition of river water downstream. Owing to their high total hardness values, most river water and groundwater are suitable for irrigation, but not for drinking. In the future, long-term field observations of isotopic and ionic compositions from river water, groundwater, and glacier meltwater should be intensified because the baseline of these data is still insufficient. The results of this study provide a significant opportunity to explore the hydrological processes and the evolution of water resources in Central Asia due to global climate change.
Résumé
En tant que région aride d’importance mondiale, l’Asie centrale a fait l’objet d’une attention considérable en raison de la crise de l’eau. Toutefois, une revue systématique des processus hydrologiques à grande échelle dans cette région fait défaut, ce qui limite la compréhension de ce sujet. Ainsi, en rassemblant les données isotopiques publiées sur l’hydrogène et l’oxygène pour les précipitations, l’eau des rivières et les eaux souterraines en Asie centrale, une base de données complète des isotopes stables et de l’hydrochimie a été créée pour la première fois afin de clarifier les signatures isotopiques d’eaux provenant de différentes sources et les processus d’évolution de l’eau des rivières et des eaux souterraines. La ligne météorique locale est dérivée des isotopes stables des précipitations et est définie comme δD = 7.52 δ18O + 6.29 (R² = 0.9515; n = 185); par la suite, les processus hydrologiques sont identifiés en comparant les caractéristiques isotopiques des échantillons d’eau. Une relation étroite a été observée entre les pluies et les eaux de rivières. De plus, les rapports ioniques indiquent que l’altération chimique contrôle la composition chimique des eaux de surface en tête de bassin, et que l’évaporation est le principal facteur contrôlant la composition chimique des eaux à l’aval. En raison de leur valeur élevée en dureté totale, la plupart des eaux de rivières et eaux souterraines conviennent à l’irrigation mais pas à la consommation humaine. Dans le futur, la surveillance sur du long-terme de la composition isotopique et ionique des eaux de surface et souterraines et des eaux de la fonte des glaciers doit être renforcée car ces données sont encore insuffisantes. The results of this study provide a significant opportunity to explore the hydrological processes and the evolution of water resources in Central Asia due to global climate change. Les résultats de cette étude apportent une opportunité significative d’explorer les processus hydrologiques et l’évolution des ressources en eau en Asie centrale sous l’effet du changement climatique à l’échelle mondiale.
Resumen
Asia Central, región árida de importancia mundial, ha atraído una atención considerable debido a la crisis del agua. Sin embargo, falta una revisión sistemática de los procesos hidrológicos a gran escala en esta región, lo que limita los conocimientos sobre este tema. Así pues, mediante la recopilación de datos isotópicos de hidrógeno y oxígeno publicados sobre precipitaciones, aguas fluviales y aguas subterráneas en Asia Central, se creó por primera vez una completa base de datos isotópicos estables e hidroquímicos para aclarar las firmas isotópicas del agua de distintas fuentes y los procesos de evolución de las aguas fluviales y subterráneas. La línea local de agua meteórica se obtuvo a partir de los valores isotópicos estables de las precipitaciones y se definió como δD = 7.52 δ18O + 6.29 (R² = 0.9515; n = 185); a continuación, se siguieron los procesos hidrológicos comparando las características isotópicas de las muestras de agua. Se puso de manifiesto una estrecha relación entre el agua del río y las precipitaciones. Además, las relaciones iónicas indican que la meteorización química controla la composición química del agua del río aguas arriba, y la evaporación es el principal factor que controla la composición química del agua del río aguas abajo. Debido a sus elevados valores de dureza total, la mayoría de las aguas fluviales y subterráneas son aptas para el riego, pero no para el consumo humano. En el futuro, deberán intensificarse las observaciones de campo a largo plazo de las composiciones isotópicas e iónicas del agua de los ríos, las aguas subterráneas y el agua de deshielo de los glaciares, ya que la base de estos datos sigue siendo insuficiente. Los resultados de este estudio brindan una importante oportunidad para explorar los procesos hidrológicos y la evolución de los recursos hídricos en Asia Central debido al cambio climático global.
摘要
作为一个全球重要的干旱地区,中亚因水危机而引起了相当大的关注。然而,对于该地区的大尺度水文过程缺乏系统的评估,这导致了对于该问题的认识有限。因此,通过收集中亚地区降水、河水和地下水的已发表的氢氧同位素数据,首次创建了一个全面的稳定同位素和水文化学数据库,以阐明来自不同来源水的同位素特征和河水与地下水的演化过程。根据研究区降水稳定同位素所获取的当地降水水线为δD = 7.52 δ18O + 6.29(R² = 0.9515;n = 185)。然后,通过比较分析不同水体的同位素特征,示踪了研究区水文循环过程。同位素结果显示河水和降水之间存在密切关系。此外,离子比表明化学风化控制上游河水的化学成分,而蒸发是控制下游河水化学成分的主要因素。由于其高总硬度值,大多数河水和地下水适合灌溉,但不适合饮用。未来,应该加强对河水、地下水和冰川融水的同位素和离子组成的长期现场观测,因为这些数据的基线仍然不足。本研究结果为探索全球气候变化条件下中亚水资源的水文过程和演化提供了重要的参考。
Resumo
Como uma região árida globalmente importante, a Ásia Central tem atraído atenção considerável devido à crise hídrica. Contudo, a região carece de uma revisão sistemática dos processos hidrológicos de larga escala, levando a um entendimento limitado sobre o assunto. Portanto, ao coletar dados publicados de isótopos de hidrogênio e oxigênio da precipitação, rios e águas subterrâneas na Ásia Central, um abrangente banco de dados sobre os isótopos estáveis e hidroquímica foi criado pela primeira vez para esclarecer as assinaturas isotópicas da água para diferentes fontes e os processos de evolução das águas fluviais e águas subterrâneas. A linha meteórica local foi derivada dos valores de isótopos estáveis da precipitação e definidos como δD = 7.52 δ18O + 6.29 (R² = 0.9515; n = 185); A partir de então, os processos hidrológicos foram identificados, comparando as características isotópicas das amostras de água. Uma relação próxima entre as águas fluviais e da precipitação foi revelada. Além disso, a razões iônicas indicam que o intemperismo químico controla a composição química da água do rio a montante e a evaporação é principal fator que controla a composição química da água do rio a jusante. Devido aos valores totais altos de dureza, a maioria das águas fluviais e águas subterrâneas são adequadas para irrigação, mas não para beber. No futuro, observações de campo de longo prazo das composições isotópicas e iônicas das águas fluviais, águas subterrâneas e degelo devem ser intensificadas porque a linha de base desses dados ainda é insuficiente. Os resultados deste estudo fornecem uma oportunidade significante para explorar os processos hidrológicos e a evolução das fontes de água na Ásia Central devido a mudanças climáticas globais.
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Funding
This study was funded by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP) (Grant No.2019QZKK0904) and Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No.8232049). Yueqing Xie was partially supported by Research Funds for the Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (0206-14380135).
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Wang, L., Dong, Y., Xie, Y. et al. Hydrological processes and water quality in arid regions of Central Asia: insights from stable isotopes and hydrochemistry of precipitation, river water, and groundwater. Hydrogeol J 32, 131–147 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-023-02654-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-023-02654-1