Abstract
The contamination of groundwater resources is a challenge for drinking water supplies. To meet water quality standards, well-field operators need practical solutions to reduce the vulnerability of production wells. Strategies for several combinations of management variables such as well flow rate or water level in drains, are usually possible to satisfy the required production rate. However, these strategies may lead to contamination issues for the abstracted groundwater. A surrogate transport model was implemented in a well field vulnerable to a contaminated stream. An adaptive multi-objective optimization approach is proposed. The objective is to maximize the water production at the well field while minimizing the proportion of stream water abstracted. The optimization problem is adaptive to the stream level, which is a key parameter describing hydrological conditions. A systematic exploration of management settings is conducted and a three-dimensional Pareto front is extracted. From these optimum settings, a practical easy-to-use approach is developed. The well-field operator can adjust production settings to optimum conditions as a function of the observed stream water level and desired production rate.
Résumé
La contamination de la ressource en eaux souterraine est un défi pour l’approvisionnement en eau potable. Pour respecter les normes de qualité de l’eau potable, les exploitants ont besoin de solutions pratiques pour réduire la vulnérabilité des puits de production. La mise en place de stratégies jouant sur les schémas de gestion, telles que le débit des puits ou le niveau d’eau dans les drains, sont généralement possibles pour atteindre le débit de production requis. Cependant, ces stratégies peuvent entraîner des problèmes de contamination des eaux souterraines captées. Un modèle équivalent de transport a été mis en œuvre sur un champ captant vulnérable à un cours d’eau contaminé. Une approche d’optimisation multi-objectifs adaptative est proposée. L’objectif est de maximiser la production d’eau tout en minimisant la proportion d’eau du cours d’eau captée. Le problème d’optimisation est adaptatif au niveau du cours d’eau, paramètre clé décrivant les conditions hydrologiques. Une exploration systématique des paramètres de gestion est effectuée et un front de Pareto tridimensionnel est extrait. À partir de ces paramètres optimaux, une approche pratique et facile à utiliser est développée. L’opérateur peut ajuster les paramètres de production aux conditions optimales en fonction du niveau d’eau du cours d’eau observé et du débit de production souhaité.
Resumen
La contaminación de los recursos de aguas subterráneas es un reto para el abastecimiento de agua potable. Para cumplir con los estándares de calidad del agua, los operadores de pozos necesitan soluciones prácticas para reducir la vulnerabilidad de los pozos de producción. Las estrategias para varias combinaciones de variables de manejo, tales como el caudal o el nivel de agua en los drenajes, generalmente son posibles para satisfacer la tasa de producción requerida. Sin embargo, estas estrategias pueden conducir a problemas de contaminación de las aguas subterráneas extraídas. Se implementó un modelo de transporte alternativo en un campo de pozos vulnerable a un arroyo contaminado. Se propone un enfoque adaptativo de optimización multiobjetivo. El objetivo es maximizar la producción de agua en el campo de pozos y minimizar la proporción de agua de arroyo extraída. El problema de optimización es adaptable al nivel del arroyo, que es un parámetro clave que describe las condiciones hidrológicas. Se realiza una exploración sistemática de los escenarios de manejo y se extrae un frente de óptimo de Pareto tridimensional. A partir de estos ajustes óptimos, se desarrolla un enfoque práctico y fácil de usar. El operador del campo de pozos puede ajustar los ajustes de producción a condiciones óptimas en función del nivel de agua del arroyo observado y de la tasa de producción deseada.
摘要
地下水资源的污染是饮用供水的难点问题。为了满足水质标准,井群管理者需要制定切实可行的方案以降低生产井的易受污染概率。诸如井流量和排水水位等管理变量的几种组合方案,通常可以满足所需的开采量。但是,这些方案可能会导致抽取的地下水受到污染。针对易受污染河流影响的井群问题,开发了替代运移模型。提出了一种自适应多目标优化方法。目标是最大限度地提高井群的开采量,同时最大限度地减少河水开采的比例。优化问题适应于河流面,这是刻画水文条件的关键参数。对管理方案进行了系统探索研究,并提取了三维Pareto 前沿。从这些最佳设置中,开发出一种实用且易于使用的方法。井群管理者可以根据观察到的河流水位和期望的开采量将生产配置调整到最佳条件。
Resumo
A contaminação dos recursos de água subterrânea é um desafio para o abastecimento de água potável. Para atender aos padrões de qualidade da água, os operadores de campo precisam de soluções práticas para reduzir a vulnerabilidade dos poços de produção. Estratégias para várias combinações de variáveis de gerenciamento, como vazão de poço ou nível de água em drenos, geralmente são possíveis para satisfazer a taxa de produção requerida. No entanto, essas estratégias podem levar a problemas de contaminação para as águas subterrâneas abstraídas. Um modelo de transporte substituto foi implementado em um campo de poços vulnerável a um fluxo contaminado. Uma abordagem adaptativa de otimização multiobjetivo é proposta. O objetivo é maximizar a produção de água no poço, minimizando a proporção de água captada. O problema de otimização é adaptável ao nível do fluxo, que é um parâmetro chave que descreve as condições hidrológicas. Uma exploração sistemática de configurações de gerenciamento é conduzida e uma frente de Pareto tridimensional é extraída. A partir dessas configurações ótimas, é desenvolvida uma abordagem prática e fácil de usar. O operador de campo de poços pode ajustar as configurações de produção às condições ideais em função do nível de água do fluxo observado e da taxa de produção desejada.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the editor and the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. We also thank Clotilde Thompson for her help in improving the English.
Funding
This work was conducted in the framework of the Mhyqadeau project supported by Suez Environnement (LyRE) and the French Aquitaine regional council.
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Cousquer, Y., Pryet, A., Delbart, C. et al. Adaptive optimization of a vulnerable well field. Hydrogeol J 27, 1673–1681 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-01963-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-019-01963-8