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The application of synchrotron techniques to the study of lithium-ion batteries

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Abstract

This paper gives a brief review of the application of synchrotron X-ray techniques to the study of lithium-ion battery materials. The two main techniques are X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD). Examples are given for in situ XAS and XRD studies of lithium-ion battery cathodes during cycling. This includes time-resolved methods. The paper also discusses the application of soft X-ray XAS to do ex situ studies on battery cathodes. By applying two signal detection methods, it is possible to probe the surface and the bulk of cathode materials simultaneously. Another example is the use of time-resolved XRD studies of the decomposition of reactions of charged cathodes at elevated temperatures. Measurements were done both in the dry state and in the presence of electrolyte. Brief reports are also given on two new synchrotron techniques. One is inelastic X-ray scattering, and the other is synchrotron X-ray reflectometry studies of the surface electrode interface (SEI) on highly oriented single crystal lithium battery cathode surfaces.

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Acknowledgment

Brookhaven National Laboratory is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA

    James McBreen

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  1. James McBreen
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Correspondence to James McBreen.

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Dedicated to the 85th birthday of John O’M. Bockris

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McBreen, J. The application of synchrotron techniques to the study of lithium-ion batteries. J Solid State Electrochem 13, 1051–1061 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-008-0685-1

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